dossier sur le tourisme et le développement durable

Tourism and the environment ............................................................................ 44
1. Multiple constraints.................................................................................................................. 44
1.1. The specific nature of tourist impact............................................................................................... 44
1.2. The seasonal nature of tourism and artificialisation .......................................................................45
1.3. The impact of yachting on the environment ................................................................................... 46
1.4. The coastline: threat to the natural environment and erosion ........................................................ 48
1.5. Impact concentrated on the islands................................................................................................ 49
1.6. Other impacts on the environment in the destinations: water, waste, energy ................................ 51
2. The growing impact of tourist transport ................................................................................... 53
2.1. Transport: a fundamental component of the tourist boom.............................................................. 53
2.2. Various levels of impact ................................................................................................................. 54
3. Tourism and the demand for an environment of quality.......................................................... 57
Political scope...................................................................................................... 60
1. The policies for tourist development: very different stories and objectives............................. 60
2. The Mediterranean tourism system: diversity and complexity ................................................ 63
2.1. The destination: basic unit for tourism development policies ......................................................... 63
2.2. A great number of players.............................................................................................................. 65
2.3. The various levels of involvement and their articulation................................................................. 68
2.4. A traditionally little controlled sector............................................................................................... 68
3. Instruments and means for action ........................................................................................... 69
3.1. National tourism policies ................................................................................................................ 69
3.2. Local policies for tourism................................................................................................................ 71
3.3. Economic and financial instruments and public / private joint-ventures ......................................... 72
3.4. Voluntary initiatives: certification and eco-labels............................................................................ 73
4. Perspectives ............................................................................................................................ 74
4.1. Tourism should be included in a territorial project.......................................................................... 74
4.2. Necessity for an enabling framework at national level ................................................................... 76
4.3. Mediterranean co-operation in the field of tourism .........................................................................76
Meeting the stakes and turning tourism into a driving force of
Mediterranean sustainable development........................................................... 78
Main bibliographic references and sources of data ......................................... 80
Annex.................................................................................................................... 82
Table of illustrations............................................................................................ 89
Country ISO codes............................................................................................... 91
Acronyms and abbreviations.............................................................................. 92
List of MAP Technical Series Reports