1996 Electronics Industry Environmental Roadmap - Civil and ...

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Appendix J Germany (Proposed; effective 1996) Netherlands (Proposed; pilot projects started June 1995; implementation 256 expected 1997) Switzerland (Effective April 1994) Ecological design; information on recycling to consumers and recyclers Establish and fund voluntary collection and recycling system administered by SWICO Local authorities Residential equipment, including major appliances, televisions, office equipment, computers and consumer electronics Retail outlets or local authorities 1) dealer networks; 2) supplier collection points or pickup; and 3) railway stations (pilot project) Residential equipment; including major appliances, small appliances, televisions, audio/visual equipment Commercial and residential office equipment and computers, including copiers and facsimiles Consumer; disposal fee at end of product life with the exception of small appliances; small appliance funding through annual tax assessment by local authorities 1 Consumer; disposal fee at end of product life 1 Customer; recycling fee at time of purchase 1 Conflicts with Environment Ministry view that recycling costs be internalized in new product price. Final outcome will be influenced by EU Priority Waste Stream. Table 1. Brief summary of European recycling models. Some important lessons for U.S. industry, as well as public policy, emerge from these European experiments: as with any product or service, customers are best served by a competitive marketplace. In geographic areas with access to other markets, high recycling fees tacked onto the purchase price of new products drives consumers across borders, resulting in depressed product sales in border regions. Commercial and residential electronic equipment should not be treated the same when devising end-of-life disposition schemes. Existing commercial transactions provide adequate channels for the recovery of used equipment. Reverse distribution networks are not recovering sufficient quantities of used equipment from households. For example, the Swiss industry system is only capturing approximately 18% of used products, which led the organization to establish “public” collection points at railroad stations. In Germany, the industry association proposal aims to preserve and improve the municipal-based collection infrastructure, which currently recovers 80% of used equipment.
References References [1] Ditz et al., World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C., 1995. [2] B. Hamner and C.H. Stinson, “Managerial accounting and environmental compliance costs,” Journal of Cost Management, 1995. [3] “The Evolution of the Environmental Profession in Europe,” European Environmental Management Association Study, June 30, 1995. [4] L.B. Cahill and R.W. Kane, “Corporate environmental performance expectations in the 1990s: more than just compliance,” Total Quality Environmental Management (Summer 1994), pp. 409-420. [5] R.R. Morton, “Using GEMI’s Environmental Self-Assessment Procedure (ESAP) to evaluate environmental performance,” Total Quality Environmental Management (Autumn 1994), pp. 75-83. [6] T. Tibor, ISO 14000: A Guide to the New Environmental Management Standards, Irwin, Chicago, (1995). [7] B.F. Dambach and B.R. Allenby, “Implementing design for environment at AT&T,” Total Quality Environmental Management (Spring 1995), pp. 51-62. [8] R. de Andraca and K.F. McCready, Internalizing Environmental Costs to Promote Eco-efficiency, Business Council for Sustainable Development, Geneva, Switzerland, 1994. [9] J.J. Romm, Lean and Clean: How to Boost Profits and Productivity by Reducing Pollution. Kodansha International: New York (1994). [10] White, Becker, and Savage, “Environmentally Smart Accounting: Using Total Cost Assessment to Advance Pollution Prevention,” Pollution Prevention Review, pp. 247-259, 1993. [11] Deloitte & Touche, “Challenging traditional measures of performance,” Deloitte & Touche Review (7 August 1995), pp. 1-2. [12] L. Johannson, “Environmental training fosters bottom-line education and regional economic development,” Total Quality Environmental Management (Autumn 1994), pp. 85-93. [13] D.W. Townsend, “Environmental portfolio analysis: an integrated strategic approach to environmental management,” Total Quality Environmental Management (Autumn 1994), pp. 57-66. [14] B.A. Grimsted, S.C. Schaltegger, C.H. Stinson, and C.S. Waldron, “A multimedia assessment scheme to evaluate chemical effects on the environment and human health,” Pollution Prevention Review 4(3):259-268, 1994. [15] “Electronics Industry Environmental Roadmap,” Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation, 3500 West Balcones Center Drive, Austin, TX 78759; December, 1994; p. 1. 257
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MCC TECHNICAL REPORT MCC-ECESM-001-
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MCC Technical Report Document No. M
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Table of Contents Electronics Indus
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Electronics Industry Environmental
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Executive Summary Electronics Indus
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1.0 Introduction Introduction 1.1 O
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Introduction These kinds of cross-c
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Introduction Strategic Priority Nee
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Introduction Tactical Priority Need
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2.0 Strategic Business Opportunitie
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Strategic Business Opportunities To
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Strategic Business Opportunities Go
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Strategic Business Opportunities co
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Strategic Business Opportunities Th
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Strategic Business Opportunities -
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Environmental Cost Accounting at AT
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Strategic Business Opportunities Pr
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Strategic Business Opportunities sm
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Strategic Business Opportunities pr
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Strategic Business Opportunities en
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Priority Need Task 1. Knowledge of
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Information and Knowledge Systems m
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Information and Knowledge Systems T
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Information and Knowledge Systems T
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Information and Knowledge Systems 4
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Information and Knowledge Systems A
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Information and Knowledge Systems m
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Design for Environment: Evolution a
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5. Models to support more comprehen
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5.0 Disposition Disposition 5.1 Obj
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Disposition due date are called con
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Disposition 5.4.1 The Consumer/Comm
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Disposition 5.4.2 Recycled Material
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Disposition One of the greatest cha
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Disposition Assistance (OEA) submit
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Disposition provision in other inst
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Disposition The proposals strongly
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5.5.5 Summary: Lessons from Program
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Disposition The left side of the mo
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Disposition and government for esta
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Disposition Recycling: The collecti
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Disposition 87
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Emerging Technologies self-aligned
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Emerging Technologies wafer. 18 Gen
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Emerging Technologies 94 Planarizat
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Emerging Technologies Therefore, gi
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Emerging Technologies Printed Wirin
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Emerging Technologies 100 ensures f
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Emerging Technologies Etch Chemical
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Emerging Technologies 104 Fully Sub
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Emerging Technologies adhesives and
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Emerging Technologies 108 have sign
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Emerging Technologies 110 of automa
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Emerging Technologies 112 managemen
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Emerging Technologies 6.4.4 Fully A
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Emerging Technologies 116 Priority
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Appendix A. Other Industry Roadmaps
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Appendix A Overriding Issue SIA/SEM
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Appendix A Integrated Circuit Fabri
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IPC OIDA SIA/SEMATECH Interconnect
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Appendix A IPC Substrate thickness
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SIA/SEMATECH Precision Electromecha
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH As CMOS tec
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Appendix A IPC “The coordination
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Appendix A OIDA Specific technical
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Appendix A NEMI Photonics Critical
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH In a steady
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH Hand-in-han
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH Chemical, e
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Appendix A IPC Several approaches m
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH Conversion
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SIA/SEMATECH Benchmarking NEMI Need
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Appendix A IPC Purchasing Suppliers
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Appendix B. The Ten Ceres Principle
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Appendix C. The ICC Business Charte
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Appendix D Appendix D. Statistical
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SIC CODE Table 1. Demographic and w
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Appendix D Table 2. Correlation of
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SIC Code Table 3. Costs of fuels an
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3672 Printed Circuit Boards 3674 Se
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1 Value of shipments for product by
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3676- Electronic resistors 3677- El
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Appendix D Product Product Company
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Appendix D 183
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Appendix D Table 9. Quantity and va
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Key to Table 9: - Represents zero.
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SIC Code 36 361 Table 10. Air pollu
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SIC Code 36 361 362 Table 11. Pollu
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SIC Code 36 Appendix D Table 12. Po
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Appendix E Appendix E. Development
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Appendix E releases with component
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Appendix E 2 1 ITEM: Common Sense I
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Page 233 and 234: 5 COST: Free access to all data/inf
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Page 241 and 242: Appendix E 7 PERTINENCE: Probably n
Page 243 and 244: Appendix E 3 CONTENT: Large indexed
Page 245 and 246: Appendix E 55 1 ITEM: UCLA Center f
Page 247 and 248: Item # Type Source of Item Access C
Page 249 and 250: Appendix F. Survey of Tool Characte
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Page 255 and 256: Appendix F 5 Quantifies and reports
Page 257 and 258: Appendix G Appendix G. Building Blo
Page 259 and 260: Appendix G The Nordic cooperation g
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Page 264 and 265: Appendix H If no accrual is made be
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Page 268 and 269: Appendix I 250
Page 270 and 271: Appendix J The ordinance requires U
Page 272 and 273: Appendix J 254 150,001 to 600,000 1
Page 276 and 277: References [16] Waitz and Corbet,
Page 278: References 260
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