1996 Electronics Industry Environmental Roadmap - Civil and ...

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Disposition Once product does begin to flow into the pipeline, the processing system must be prepared to handle the resulting volume. An example from Germany illustrates the problem. Germany’s Duales System Deutschland (DSD) made an aggressive effort to collect and recycle packaging waste. However, the system generated over 400,000 metric tons of plastic packaging waste in 1993—twice their capacity to recycle the product. The program finds itself in a significant supply and demand imbalance, and officials are taking steps to correct the situation. 68
Disposition 5.4.2 Recycled Material Market Immaturity A key force that could drive the development of new technology and improved collection systems would be the expansion of markets for products having recycled content or for the resale of recovered materials. In the history of other recyclable materials, one early impetus to the increased acceptance of recycled products was preferential purchasing policies that favored recycled goods. These kinds of purchasing preferences can significantly accelerate the market. Recent excitement about low-cost “Internet terminals” may also increase a secondary market for lower function equipment. With proper marketing, used equipment could be marketed into this product niche. Markets for recycled products also need to be encouraged. The fact that a piece of equipment is refurbished, or contains recycled contents, should not result in a perception of inferior quality. One might look to the automatic teller machine (ATM) as a model for the disposition of all electronic products. Approximately 97% of all ATMs are refurbished, recycled, or reused in some way. The majority of ATM parts are reusable, such that a 15-year old machine retains approximately 20% of its original value. This is due, in large part, to the design of the product: the ATM, a commercial product, is designed with reusability and recyclability in mind. The example of the ATM embodies the major elements needed for an effective PELM system. There is high market acceptance of refurbished systems, and the ATM is designed to accommodate a closed-loop recycling system, which is frequently promoted as the most economical approach. 5.4.3 Lack of Data A critical need in establishing an effective disposition system is a base of reliable information about electronic products entering the disposition system. Such information includes the value of constituent materials, risks associated with materials, liabilities associated with use, market demand for spare parts or supply, and a variety of other information requirements. There is a need for significant improvements in data and data access to support decision-making in PELM, especially with regard to risk and economics. This would include component and constituent material inventories for major categories of electronic products, cost data for product management and disposition, risk assessment data, and other categories of information essential to effective corporate and public policy decision-making. Related issues are discussed in the chapter on information and knowledge systems of this roadmap. 5.4.4 Regulatory Issues The regulations that control the transportation and handling of raw materials headed to manufacturing can be very different than those that are applied to “waste,” even though they may be the same material and in the same state as a raw material. As such, some materials that could be readily recycled are not, due to their classification as hazardous materials. Cathode ray tube (CRT) glass from the manufacture of monitors and televisions is a notable example. This glass often fails the TCLP (toxicity characteristic leaching procedure) and is therefore classified as hazardous waste under the Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA) provisions defined by the EPA. CRT-funnel materials that are not recycled are RCRA class C materials and must be pretreated before land disposal can take place. The CRT industry believes the current approved treatment standard of micro-encapsulation is not optimum for glass materials. Copper-clad laminate, used to manufacture PWBs, is another example. PWB laminate material is considered 69
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MCC TECHNICAL REPORT MCC-ECESM-001-
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MCC Technical Report Document No. M
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Table of Contents Electronics Indus
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Electronics Industry Environmental
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Executive Summary Electronics Indus
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1.0 Introduction Introduction 1.1 O
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Introduction These kinds of cross-c
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Introduction Strategic Priority Nee
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Introduction Tactical Priority Need
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2.0 Strategic Business Opportunitie
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Strategic Business Opportunities To
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Strategic Business Opportunities Go
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Strategic Business Opportunities co
Page 35 and 36: Strategic Business Opportunities Th
Page 37 and 38: Strategic Business Opportunities -
Page 39 and 40: Environmental Cost Accounting at AT
Page 41 and 42: Strategic Business Opportunities Pr
Page 43 and 44: Strategic Business Opportunities sm
Page 45 and 46: Strategic Business Opportunities pr
Page 47 and 48: Strategic Business Opportunities en
Page 49: Priority Need Task 1. Knowledge of
Page 52 and 53: Information and Knowledge Systems m
Page 54 and 55: Information and Knowledge Systems T
Page 56 and 57: Information and Knowledge Systems T
Page 58 and 59: Information and Knowledge Systems 4
Page 60 and 61: Information and Knowledge Systems A
Page 64 and 65: Information and Knowledge Systems m
Page 69 and 70: Design for Environment: Evolution a
Page 79 and 80: 5. Models to support more comprehen
Page 81 and 82: 5.0 Disposition Disposition 5.1 Obj
Page 83 and 84: Disposition due date are called con
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Page 95 and 96: Disposition The proposals strongly
Page 97 and 98: 5.5.5 Summary: Lessons from Program
Page 99 and 100: Disposition The left side of the mo
Page 101 and 102: Disposition and government for esta
Page 103 and 104: Disposition Recycling: The collecti
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Page 108 and 109: Emerging Technologies self-aligned
Page 110 and 111: Emerging Technologies wafer. 18 Gen
Page 112 and 113: Emerging Technologies 94 Planarizat
Page 114 and 115: Emerging Technologies Therefore, gi
Page 116 and 117: Emerging Technologies Printed Wirin
Page 118 and 119: Emerging Technologies 100 ensures f
Page 120 and 121: Emerging Technologies Etch Chemical
Page 122 and 123: Emerging Technologies 104 Fully Sub
Page 124 and 125: Emerging Technologies adhesives and
Page 126 and 127: Emerging Technologies 108 have sign
Page 128 and 129: Emerging Technologies 110 of automa
Page 130 and 131: Emerging Technologies 112 managemen
Page 132 and 133: Emerging Technologies 6.4.4 Fully A
Page 134 and 135: Emerging Technologies 116 Priority
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Appendix A. Other Industry Roadmaps
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Appendix A Overriding Issue SIA/SEM
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Appendix A Integrated Circuit Fabri
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IPC OIDA SIA/SEMATECH Interconnect
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Appendix A IPC Substrate thickness
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SIA/SEMATECH Precision Electromecha
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH As CMOS tec
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Appendix A IPC “The coordination
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Appendix A OIDA Specific technical
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Appendix A NEMI Photonics Critical
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH In a steady
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH Hand-in-han
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH Chemical, e
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Appendix A IPC Several approaches m
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH Conversion
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SIA/SEMATECH Benchmarking NEMI Need
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Appendix A IPC Purchasing Suppliers
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Appendix B. The Ten Ceres Principle
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Appendix C. The ICC Business Charte
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Appendix D Appendix D. Statistical
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SIC CODE Table 1. Demographic and w
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Appendix D Table 2. Correlation of
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SIC Code Table 3. Costs of fuels an
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3672 Printed Circuit Boards 3674 Se
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1 Value of shipments for product by
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3676- Electronic resistors 3677- El
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Appendix D Product Product Company
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Appendix D 183
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Appendix D Table 9. Quantity and va
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Key to Table 9: - Represents zero.
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SIC Code 36 361 Table 10. Air pollu
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SIC Code 36 361 362 Table 11. Pollu
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SIC Code 36 Appendix D Table 12. Po
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Appendix E Appendix E. Development
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Appendix E releases with component
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Appendix E 2 1 ITEM: Common Sense I
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Appendix E 6 1 ITEM: U.S. Industria
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Appendix E 1 ITEM: Waste Wi$e 2 SOU
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Appendix E 14 1 ITEM: 33/50 Program
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Appendix E 3 CONTENT: This Departme
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Appendix E clearinghouses, database
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5 COST: Free access to all data/inf
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Appendix E 34 1 ITEM: EMPF (Electro
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Appendix E 37 1 ITEM: I3LA (Initiat
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Appendix E 40 1 ITEM: Access EPA 2
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Appendix E 7 PERTINENCE: Probably n
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Appendix E 3 CONTENT: Large indexed
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Appendix E 55 1 ITEM: UCLA Center f
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Item # Type Source of Item Access C
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Appendix F. Survey of Tool Characte
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[Definitions for the design activit
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Human Interface (Please rank the im
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Appendix F 5 Quantifies and reports
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Appendix G Appendix G. Building Blo
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Appendix G The Nordic cooperation g
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Appendix G undertaken to assess env
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Appendix H If no accrual is made be
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Appendix H 248
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Appendix I 250
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Appendix J The ordinance requires U
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Appendix J 254 150,001 to 600,000 1
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Appendix J Germany (Proposed; effec
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References [16] Waitz and Corbet,
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References 260
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