1996 Electronics Industry Environmental Roadmap - Civil and ...

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Disposition The costs of collecting, transporting, and recycling used equipment is split between local authorities, AHEA members (equipment manufacturers and retailers), and consumers. Customers pay a fee when returning the product to purchase a new one, or when the product is delivered to the home and the used piece taken away by the retailer; the manufacturer pays a fee, based on product sales; and retailers pay transportation costs. However, some transportation may be handled by local governments and licensed recyclers, in which case the costs are shifted back to the retailers. The fees are negotiated by the Council. 78
5.5.5 Summary: Lessons from Program Examples Several lessons emerge from the model programs: Disposition Most of the programs recognize “shared responsibility” in which manufacturers, sellers, government agencies, and consumers all share some piece of the responsibility for effective end-of-life management. A national recycling/demanufacturing effort must develop through the cooperation of businesses, consumers, municipalities, and governments. An important part of the system is to encourage manufacturers in their use of environmentally conscious design, producing systems that are well-suited to effective end-of-life management. There are costs of effective product end-of-life management that must be borne by someone. Generally, this will be the consumer (either through increased prices, special assessments, or increased taxes). The challenge is to establish a system that adequately spreads the cost pool so that the economic inconvenience for any single individual is not significant. The importance of economic viability of recycling and recovery as an incentive to the growth of a recycling industry and ultimately competition for recoverable electronic products must be emphasized. Bureaucracy must be minimized, while providing ample positive incentives for business and consumer participation. Energy efficiency and cost effectiveness must be emphasized to stimulate solutions that are environmentally responsible and viable. Much like the collection and recycling of aluminum cans a few decades ago, electronic PELM disposition systems are now in an infancy period. Metals and plastic materials in computer systems offer a significant economic opportunity. Although metals have been reclaimed for a number of years, the economic recovery of plastics is still rare. Immature separation and recycling technologies create a barrier to tapping the equally high intrinsic value of plastics. Ultimately, the structure and success of any disposition system will depend on a variety of factors, such as logistics (including transportation infrastructure), supply of retired equipment, demand for refurbished product and recycled materials, recycling technologies, and regulations and legislation. 5.6 Recommendations for Achieving the Goal In order to establish an electronics PELM infrastructure in the U.S, interested parties must find a way to pull the equipment into the pipeline efficiently, establish markets, develop technology for cost-effective and environmentally sound recycling, and support an infrastructure for spare parts databases, catalogues, and brokerage services that provide information on parts requirements, compositions, and sources of supply. Furthermore: Environmentally responsible design or “Design for Environment” (DFE) approaches must continue to encourage and simplify demanufacturing and recycling. 79
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MCC TECHNICAL REPORT MCC-ECESM-001-
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MCC Technical Report Document No. M
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Table of Contents Electronics Indus
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Electronics Industry Environmental
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Executive Summary Electronics Indus
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1.0 Introduction Introduction 1.1 O
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Introduction These kinds of cross-c
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Introduction Strategic Priority Nee
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Introduction Tactical Priority Need
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2.0 Strategic Business Opportunitie
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Strategic Business Opportunities To
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Strategic Business Opportunities Go
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Strategic Business Opportunities co
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Strategic Business Opportunities Th
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Strategic Business Opportunities -
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Environmental Cost Accounting at AT
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Strategic Business Opportunities Pr
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Strategic Business Opportunities sm
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Page 108 and 109: Emerging Technologies self-aligned
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Page 122 and 123: Emerging Technologies 104 Fully Sub
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Page 126 and 127: Emerging Technologies 108 have sign
Page 128 and 129: Emerging Technologies 110 of automa
Page 130 and 131: Emerging Technologies 112 managemen
Page 132 and 133: Emerging Technologies 6.4.4 Fully A
Page 134 and 135: Emerging Technologies 116 Priority
Page 137 and 138: Appendix A. Other Industry Roadmaps
Page 139 and 140: Appendix A Overriding Issue SIA/SEM
Page 141 and 142: Appendix A Integrated Circuit Fabri
Page 143 and 144: IPC OIDA SIA/SEMATECH Interconnect
Page 145 and 146: Appendix A IPC Substrate thickness
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SIA/SEMATECH Precision Electromecha
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH As CMOS tec
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Appendix A IPC “The coordination
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Appendix A OIDA Specific technical
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Appendix A NEMI Photonics Critical
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH In a steady
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH Hand-in-han
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH Chemical, e
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Appendix A IPC Several approaches m
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH Conversion
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SIA/SEMATECH Benchmarking NEMI Need
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Appendix A IPC Purchasing Suppliers
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Appendix B. The Ten Ceres Principle
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Appendix C. The ICC Business Charte
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Appendix D Appendix D. Statistical
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SIC CODE Table 1. Demographic and w
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Appendix D Table 2. Correlation of
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SIC Code Table 3. Costs of fuels an
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3672 Printed Circuit Boards 3674 Se
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1 Value of shipments for product by
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3676- Electronic resistors 3677- El
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Appendix D Product Product Company
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Appendix D 183
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Appendix D Table 9. Quantity and va
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Key to Table 9: - Represents zero.
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SIC Code 36 361 Table 10. Air pollu
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SIC Code 36 361 362 Table 11. Pollu
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SIC Code 36 Appendix D Table 12. Po
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Appendix E Appendix E. Development
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Appendix E releases with component
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Appendix E 2 1 ITEM: Common Sense I
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Appendix E 6 1 ITEM: U.S. Industria
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Appendix E 1 ITEM: Waste Wi$e 2 SOU
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Appendix E 14 1 ITEM: 33/50 Program
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Appendix E 3 CONTENT: This Departme
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Appendix E clearinghouses, database
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5 COST: Free access to all data/inf
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Appendix E 34 1 ITEM: EMPF (Electro
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Appendix E 37 1 ITEM: I3LA (Initiat
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Appendix E 40 1 ITEM: Access EPA 2
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Appendix E 7 PERTINENCE: Probably n
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Appendix E 3 CONTENT: Large indexed
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Appendix E 55 1 ITEM: UCLA Center f
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Item # Type Source of Item Access C
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Appendix F. Survey of Tool Characte
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[Definitions for the design activit
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Human Interface (Please rank the im
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Appendix F 5 Quantifies and reports
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Appendix G Appendix G. Building Blo
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Appendix G The Nordic cooperation g
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Appendix G undertaken to assess env
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Appendix H If no accrual is made be
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Appendix H 248
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Appendix I 250
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Appendix J The ordinance requires U
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Appendix J 254 150,001 to 600,000 1
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Appendix J Germany (Proposed; effec
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References [16] Waitz and Corbet,
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References 260
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