1996 Electronics Industry Environmental Roadmap - Civil and ...

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Strategic Business Opportunities Exxon Valdez incident. A business that endorses the CERES Principles is committing to becoming publicly accountable for, and to making continuous improvement in, the net environmental impact of all its activities. Approximately 60 businesses—including large corporations such as General Motors, Sun Company, Bethlehem Steel, and Polaroid—have made at least partial endorsement of these principles. Despite their recent creation, some observers suggest that the CERES principles now are mainly of “historical” interest because other standards and programs are currently receiving more attention from businesses, governments, and non-governmental organizations. The Responsible Care® Program was organized by the Chemical Manufacturer’s Association (CMA) in the United States. 2 The Responsible Care® Program is based on an earlier program developed by the Canadian Chemical Producers’ Association (CCPA) for use by Canadian firms. The six codes of practice for the Responsible Care® Program are community awareness and emergency response, process safety, product safety, employee safety, distribution, and pollution prevention. The Canadian program has a similar set of codes: community awareness and emergency response, research and development, manufacturing, transportation, distribution, and hazardous waste management. These are essentially industry mandatory programs enforced by the chemical industry trade associations in the U.S. and Canada. Additionally, these Responsible Care® Programs apply to all of a company’s operations worldwide. Member companies make an annual evaluation of their own progress towards implementing a complete environmental program [4]. The ICC’s principal function is to represent business internationally at the United Nations; promote world trade and investment based on free and fair competition; harmonize trade practices and formulate terminology and guidelines for exporters and importers; and provide practical services to business. In carrying out these tasks, ICC has prepared and promoted the sixteen principles in its “Business Charter for Sustainable Development” (listed in Appendix C). In 1993, Global Environmental Management Initiative (GEMI) released an Environmental Self- Assessment Program to help corporations assess the extent to which their operations are consistent with specific requirements for worldwide sustainable development. GEMI’s members are 23 large, multinational firms (e.g., AT&T, Kodak, Union Carbide) with no explicit regulatory or other enforcement authority. Consequently, the Self-Assessment Program is adopted only voluntarily. Nonetheless, a number of companies have adopted the use of this program as an internal monitoring tool [4, 5]. Finally, three well-known environmental management-system standards exist or are close to adoption: BSI Standard BS7750, the European Union’s (EU) Eco-Management and Audit Regulation 1836/93 (EMAR), and the ISO 14000 environmental management standards. All three allow for “certification” of a firm’s compliance with the individual standards. The British Standard BS7750, currently a voluntary standard, has been in effect since March 16, 1992. Facilities operating in Great Britain can be certified by external examiners to have environmental management systems that meet BS7750. Although other European countries have 2 Cahill and Kane [1994] point out that adoption of the Responsible Care® codes of practice is now required of all CMA members. 14
Strategic Business Opportunities considered similar standards, most of these have been set aside in favor of the ISO 14000 standards or the EU’s EMAR. The ISO 14001 standard is expected to be approved by the International Standards Organization in early 1996. Many observers believe that these standards will supplant the British, the European Union, and other environmental management standards in other countries and regions. ISO 14001 certification will require that firms have the basic elements of environmental management systems in place [6]. However, because ISO 14001 is not expected to establish “performance criteria” necessary for certification and because EMAR does, there is a real possibility that companies operating in the European Community will have to meet EMAR standards in areas that are not addressed by the ISO 14000 standard. The European Union passed its Eco-Management and Audit Regulation 1836/93 in June 1993. This regulation established an Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) that can be voluntarily adopted by industrial facilities as of April 1995. The scheme codified by EMAR requires an objective audit of participating firms’ environmental management systems (even to the extent of determining compliance with a firm’s environmental policies) and a public report on a firm’s environmental performance. Further development of the EU program has been delayed until after adoption of the international ISO 14001 standard on environmental management systems. At the present, the EU is not scheduled to consider making EMAS mandatory until July 1998. The implementation of these initiatives reflects a widespread and increasing public sophistication regarding corporate environmental management. In all likelihood, corporations will continue to experience pressure to incorporate environmental issues into their strategic decision-making process. Furthermore, the potential diversity of international environmental requirements rewards companies that can establish internationally-focused management systems. These environmental management system approaches will be more and more important in establishing a firm’s public acceptance and competitive position. 15
Page 1 and 2: MCC TECHNICAL REPORT MCC-ECESM-001-
Page 3 and 4: MCC Technical Report Document No. M
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents Electronics Indus
Page 7 and 8: Electronics Industry Environmental
Page 9: Electronics Industry Environmental
Page 15 and 16: Executive Summary Electronics Indus
Page 19 and 20: 1.0 Introduction Introduction 1.1 O
Page 21 and 22: Introduction These kinds of cross-c
Page 23 and 24: Introduction Strategic Priority Nee
Page 25 and 26: Introduction Tactical Priority Need
Page 27 and 28: 2.0 Strategic Business Opportunitie
Page 29 and 30: Strategic Business Opportunities To
Page 31: Strategic Business Opportunities Go
Page 35 and 36: Strategic Business Opportunities Th
Page 37 and 38: Strategic Business Opportunities -
Page 39 and 40: Environmental Cost Accounting at AT
Page 41 and 42: Strategic Business Opportunities Pr
Page 43 and 44: Strategic Business Opportunities sm
Page 45 and 46: Strategic Business Opportunities pr
Page 47 and 48: Strategic Business Opportunities en
Page 49: Priority Need Task 1. Knowledge of
Page 52 and 53: Information and Knowledge Systems m
Page 54 and 55: Information and Knowledge Systems T
Page 56 and 57: Information and Knowledge Systems T
Page 58 and 59: Information and Knowledge Systems 4
Page 60 and 61: Information and Knowledge Systems A
Page 64 and 65: Information and Knowledge Systems m
Page 69 and 70: Design for Environment: Evolution a
Page 79 and 80: 5. Models to support more comprehen
Page 81 and 82: 5.0 Disposition Disposition 5.1 Obj
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Disposition due date are called con
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Disposition 5.4.1 The Consumer/Comm
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Disposition 5.4.2 Recycled Material
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Disposition One of the greatest cha
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Disposition Assistance (OEA) submit
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Disposition provision in other inst
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Disposition The proposals strongly
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5.5.5 Summary: Lessons from Program
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Disposition The left side of the mo
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Disposition and government for esta
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Disposition Recycling: The collecti
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Disposition 87
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Emerging Technologies self-aligned
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Emerging Technologies wafer. 18 Gen
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Emerging Technologies 94 Planarizat
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Emerging Technologies Therefore, gi
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Emerging Technologies Printed Wirin
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Emerging Technologies 100 ensures f
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Emerging Technologies Etch Chemical
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Emerging Technologies 104 Fully Sub
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Emerging Technologies adhesives and
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Emerging Technologies 108 have sign
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Emerging Technologies 110 of automa
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Emerging Technologies 112 managemen
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Emerging Technologies 6.4.4 Fully A
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Emerging Technologies 116 Priority
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Appendix A. Other Industry Roadmaps
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Appendix A Overriding Issue SIA/SEM
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Appendix A Integrated Circuit Fabri
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IPC OIDA SIA/SEMATECH Interconnect
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Appendix A IPC Substrate thickness
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SIA/SEMATECH Precision Electromecha
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH As CMOS tec
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Appendix A IPC “The coordination
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Appendix A OIDA Specific technical
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Appendix A NEMI Photonics Critical
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH In a steady
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH Hand-in-han
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH Chemical, e
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Appendix A IPC Several approaches m
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH Conversion
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SIA/SEMATECH Benchmarking NEMI Need
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Appendix A IPC Purchasing Suppliers
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Appendix B. The Ten Ceres Principle
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Appendix C. The ICC Business Charte
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Appendix D Appendix D. Statistical
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SIC CODE Table 1. Demographic and w
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Appendix D Table 2. Correlation of
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SIC Code Table 3. Costs of fuels an
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3672 Printed Circuit Boards 3674 Se
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1 Value of shipments for product by
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3676- Electronic resistors 3677- El
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Appendix D Product Product Company
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Appendix D 183
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Appendix D Table 9. Quantity and va
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Key to Table 9: - Represents zero.
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SIC Code 36 361 Table 10. Air pollu
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SIC Code 36 361 362 Table 11. Pollu
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SIC Code 36 Appendix D Table 12. Po
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Appendix E Appendix E. Development
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Appendix E releases with component
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Appendix E 2 1 ITEM: Common Sense I
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Appendix E 6 1 ITEM: U.S. Industria
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Appendix E 1 ITEM: Waste Wi$e 2 SOU
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Appendix E 14 1 ITEM: 33/50 Program
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Appendix E 3 CONTENT: This Departme
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Appendix E clearinghouses, database
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5 COST: Free access to all data/inf
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Appendix E 34 1 ITEM: EMPF (Electro
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Appendix E 37 1 ITEM: I3LA (Initiat
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Appendix E 40 1 ITEM: Access EPA 2
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Appendix E 7 PERTINENCE: Probably n
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Appendix E 3 CONTENT: Large indexed
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Appendix E 55 1 ITEM: UCLA Center f
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Item # Type Source of Item Access C
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Appendix F. Survey of Tool Characte
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[Definitions for the design activit
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Human Interface (Please rank the im
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Appendix F 5 Quantifies and reports
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Appendix G Appendix G. Building Blo
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Appendix G The Nordic cooperation g
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Appendix G undertaken to assess env
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Appendix H If no accrual is made be
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Appendix H 248
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Appendix I 250
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Appendix J The ordinance requires U
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Appendix J 254 150,001 to 600,000 1
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Appendix J Germany (Proposed; effec
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References [16] Waitz and Corbet,
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References 260
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