1996 Electronics Industry Environmental Roadmap - Civil and ...

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Strategic Business Opportunities 24 controls. The project further showed the value of partnerships between industry and governments in promoting pollution prevention and prospective environmental management strategies that support a company’s economic viability while maintaining a high standard of environmental protection. In determining the cost of pollution and, in turn, the benefit of pollution prevention, Intel examines and balances four factors: the cost of inputs that cause environmental damage, the cost of polluting behavior, the cost of public concern, and the cost of adopting pollution prevention alternatives. The P4 Project was completed on September 26, 1995, becoming the nation’s first air pollution permit under Title V that successfully integrates pollution prevention and operational flexibility. The key to this breakthrough was changing the focus from the minor process changes to the overall environmental results. Under the cooperative model, the site-wide air permit provides Intel the flexibility of adjusting its manufacturing processes on its own—as long as the changes meet specific pre-approved permit conditions—without going through an extensive approval process for each individual change. To get this flexibility, Intel agreed to use pollution prevention practices as the primary method to manage air emissions. In essence, the environmental agencies provide pre-approvals of minor changes in exchange for commitments to incorporate pollution prevention. As explained by Intel’s executive vice president and chief operating officer, “this method maintains high standards of environmental protection, encourages efforts for pollution prevention, and creates an opportunity for common sense to be applied to environmental safeguards.” The permit meets all federal and state requirements identified under Title V of the CAAA and Oregon’s State Implementation Plan. The permit is environmentally protective and fully enforceable under federal and state law. It contains emission limits for the entire plant site instead of limits for each individual vent or pipe. As long as Intel meets its site-wide emission limits, all minor process changes at the site are pre-approved. Increased Program Visibility: Some corporations have begun publishing environmental stewardship reports on an annual basis. A somewhat less comprehensive effort could incorporate an environmental section in an annual report. For private corporations, which may not publish an annual report, a statement to stakeholders about environmental objectives and activities could be prepared and distributed. Trade associations could also assemble these data from company reports and disseminate information to members. A U.S. firm’s annual report typically includes some discussion of contingent environmental liabilities in the MD&A (Management’s Discussion and Analysis) as required by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and in the footnotes to the financial statements (as required by the U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). However, any discussion of environmental performance in the MD&A is not actually audited by the firm’s independent auditor; the text is merely reviewed for consistency with the financial statement that actually has been audited. Because of this absence of explicit attestation and because the MD&A discussion is usually somewhat limited, a
Strategic Business Opportunities small number of firms have been experimenting with independent evaluation and/or certification of their voluntary reports of environmental performance. For the past two years, NORTEL has inserted two pages on environmental performance into the corporate annual report. This is in addition to preparing a separate environmental report describing their programs and progress in depth, including the EPI score. The environmental report is audited by Deloitte and Touche as a third party reviewer. Cahill and Kane point out that “DuPont in its 1992 and 1993 Corporate Environmentalism Reports provided the executive summary, along with DuPont’s response, from a thirdparty evaluation of the company’s Corporate Environmental Audit Program…” ([4], p. 419). At the present time, there is no single “certification” that has industry or public acceptance. Some firms have used information about environmental performance not only in internal planning, but also in external publications. In part, this is done to manage public and private (e.g., regulatory) perceptions of the firm. Because of concern about negative response to private and public information about a firm’s environmental performance, some firms may be reluctant to publicly report this information (beyond what is required for compliance per se). However, a pure compliance-oriented reporting strategy may be insufficient if competitors are regularly making more extensive disclosures voluntarily. Consequently, many firms benchmark their environmental disclosures (both in the annual report and, if applicable, in separate environmental reports) against the disclosures of other firms. Environmental reports have been released by at least 70 firms from the United States, Canada, Europe, and Japan [4]; some companies even have Web sites that detail their environmental practices for anyone with access to a computer network service. These reports usually describe non-strategic measures such as Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) emissions and participation in voluntary regulatory programs (e.g., EPA’s 33/50 program). In the future, disclosures with added strategic relevance might include such elements as the percentage of recycled materials included in products, the percentage of recycled components included in products, and product disassembly time. Compensation: If companies want managers to consider environmental issues, the companies need to incorporate appropriate incentives into management compensation. A number of firms surveyed by Deloitte & Touche (1995) include non-financial measures of division or company performance in the variable component of employee compensation—environmental performance could be one of the measures considered [11]. Community Outreach: Some corporations periodically invite community leaders to plant sites as an educational activity to learn about ongoing environmental, health, and safety activities. These kinds of “community open houses” can go a long way in mitigating speculation about environmental conditions or hazards at an industrial site and can create informed advocates in the community. In addition, community advisory councils have also been used effectively to create community-based champions. These councils bring together a broad range of community interests in a setting that fosters communication and understanding. While some electronics manufacturers have established such councils, the chemical industry provides the best example of successful council operation. Monsanto, 25
Page 1 and 2: MCC TECHNICAL REPORT MCC-ECESM-001-
Page 3 and 4: MCC Technical Report Document No. M
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents Electronics Indus
Page 7 and 8: Electronics Industry Environmental
Page 9: Electronics Industry Environmental
Page 15 and 16: Executive Summary Electronics Indus
Page 19 and 20: 1.0 Introduction Introduction 1.1 O
Page 21 and 22: Introduction These kinds of cross-c
Page 23 and 24: Introduction Strategic Priority Nee
Page 25 and 26: Introduction Tactical Priority Need
Page 27 and 28: 2.0 Strategic Business Opportunitie
Page 29 and 30: Strategic Business Opportunities To
Page 31 and 32: Strategic Business Opportunities Go
Page 33 and 34: Strategic Business Opportunities co
Page 35 and 36: Strategic Business Opportunities Th
Page 37 and 38: Strategic Business Opportunities -
Page 39 and 40: Environmental Cost Accounting at AT
Page 41: Strategic Business Opportunities Pr
Page 45 and 46: Strategic Business Opportunities pr
Page 47 and 48: Strategic Business Opportunities en
Page 49: Priority Need Task 1. Knowledge of
Page 52 and 53: Information and Knowledge Systems m
Page 54 and 55: Information and Knowledge Systems T
Page 56 and 57: Information and Knowledge Systems T
Page 58 and 59: Information and Knowledge Systems 4
Page 60 and 61: Information and Knowledge Systems A
Page 64 and 65: Information and Knowledge Systems m
Page 69 and 70: Design for Environment: Evolution a
Page 79 and 80: 5. Models to support more comprehen
Page 81 and 82: 5.0 Disposition Disposition 5.1 Obj
Page 83 and 84: Disposition due date are called con
Page 85 and 86: Disposition 5.4.1 The Consumer/Comm
Page 87 and 88: Disposition 5.4.2 Recycled Material
Page 89 and 90: Disposition One of the greatest cha
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Disposition provision in other inst
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Disposition The proposals strongly
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5.5.5 Summary: Lessons from Program
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Disposition The left side of the mo
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Disposition and government for esta
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Disposition Recycling: The collecti
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Disposition 87
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Emerging Technologies self-aligned
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Emerging Technologies wafer. 18 Gen
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Emerging Technologies 94 Planarizat
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Emerging Technologies Therefore, gi
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Emerging Technologies Printed Wirin
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Emerging Technologies 100 ensures f
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Emerging Technologies Etch Chemical
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Emerging Technologies 104 Fully Sub
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Emerging Technologies adhesives and
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Emerging Technologies 108 have sign
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Emerging Technologies 110 of automa
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Emerging Technologies 112 managemen
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Emerging Technologies 6.4.4 Fully A
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Emerging Technologies 116 Priority
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Appendix A. Other Industry Roadmaps
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Appendix A Overriding Issue SIA/SEM
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Appendix A Integrated Circuit Fabri
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IPC OIDA SIA/SEMATECH Interconnect
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Appendix A IPC Substrate thickness
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SIA/SEMATECH Precision Electromecha
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH As CMOS tec
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Appendix A IPC “The coordination
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Appendix A OIDA Specific technical
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Appendix A NEMI Photonics Critical
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH In a steady
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH Hand-in-han
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH Chemical, e
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Appendix A IPC Several approaches m
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Appendix A SIA/SEMATECH Conversion
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SIA/SEMATECH Benchmarking NEMI Need
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Appendix A IPC Purchasing Suppliers
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Appendix B. The Ten Ceres Principle
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Appendix C. The ICC Business Charte
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Appendix D Appendix D. Statistical
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SIC CODE Table 1. Demographic and w
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Appendix D Table 2. Correlation of
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SIC Code Table 3. Costs of fuels an
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3672 Printed Circuit Boards 3674 Se
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1 Value of shipments for product by
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3676- Electronic resistors 3677- El
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Appendix D Product Product Company
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Appendix D 183
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Appendix D Table 9. Quantity and va
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Key to Table 9: - Represents zero.
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SIC Code 36 361 Table 10. Air pollu
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SIC Code 36 361 362 Table 11. Pollu
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SIC Code 36 Appendix D Table 12. Po
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Appendix E Appendix E. Development
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Appendix E releases with component
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Appendix E 2 1 ITEM: Common Sense I
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Appendix E 6 1 ITEM: U.S. Industria
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Appendix E 1 ITEM: Waste Wi$e 2 SOU
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Appendix E 14 1 ITEM: 33/50 Program
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Appendix E 3 CONTENT: This Departme
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Appendix E clearinghouses, database
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5 COST: Free access to all data/inf
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Appendix E 34 1 ITEM: EMPF (Electro
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Appendix E 37 1 ITEM: I3LA (Initiat
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Appendix E 40 1 ITEM: Access EPA 2
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Appendix E 7 PERTINENCE: Probably n
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Appendix E 3 CONTENT: Large indexed
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Appendix E 55 1 ITEM: UCLA Center f
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Item # Type Source of Item Access C
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Appendix F. Survey of Tool Characte
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[Definitions for the design activit
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Human Interface (Please rank the im
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Appendix F 5 Quantifies and reports
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Appendix G Appendix G. Building Blo
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Appendix G The Nordic cooperation g
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Appendix G undertaken to assess env
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Appendix H If no accrual is made be
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Appendix H 248
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Appendix I 250
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Appendix J The ordinance requires U
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Appendix J 254 150,001 to 600,000 1
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Appendix J Germany (Proposed; effec
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References [16] Waitz and Corbet,
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References 260
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