Linking Culture and the Environment

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K.L. Andereck and N.G. McGehee 259 small winter cities: five keys to success. Winter Cities 9(1), 22–25. Rosenow, J.E. and Pulsifer, G.L. (1979) Tourism: The good, The Bad and the Ugly. Media Publishing, Kansas City, Montana. Sheldon, P.J. and Abenoja, T. (2001) Resident attitudes in a mature destination: the case of Waikiki. Tourism Management 22(5), 435–443. Siegel, P.B. and Jakus, P.M. (1995) Tourism as a sustainable rural development strategy: building consensus in resident attitudes. Southern Journal of Rural Sociology 11(1), 17–41. Sirakaya, E., Teye, V. and Sönmez, S. (2002) Understanding residents support for tourism development in the central region of Ghana. Journal of Travel Research 41(1), 57. Smith, M.D. and Krannich, R.S. (1998) Tourism dependence and resident attitudes. Annals of Tourism Research 25(4), 783–802. Snaith, T. and Haley, A.J. (1995) Tourism’s impact on host lifestyle realities. In: Seaton, A.V. (ed.) Tourism, The State of the Art. Wiley, New York, pp. 826–835. Snaith, T. and Haley, A. (1999) Residents’ opinions of tourism development in the historic city of York, England. Tourism Management 20(5), 595–603. Snepenger, D., O’Connell, R. and Snepenger, M. (2001) The embrace-withdraw continuum scale: operationalizing residents’ responses toward tourism development. Journal of Travel Research 40(2), 155. Tomljenovic, R. and Faulkner, B. (2000) Tourism and older residents in a sunbelt resort. Annals of Tourism Research 27(1), 93–114. Tosun, C. (2002) Host perceptions of impacts: a comparative tourism study. Annals of Tourism Research 29(1), 231–253. Um, S. and Crompton, J.L. (1990) Attitude determinants in tourism destination choice. Annals of Tourism Research 17(3), 432–448.
15 Tourism and Indigenous Peoples ADAM TRAU AND ROBYN BUSHELL Centre for Cultural Research, University of Western Sydney, Australia Strategies stressing the urgent need for policies and practices to ensure tourism development be in line with principles of sustainable development have been recommended by a wide range of international agencies and instrumentalities. These include the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UN-WTO), The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD), regional UN commissions, international conservation bodies such as the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), many conservation NGOs and the international banks. In 2002, the International Year of Ecotourism brought together the largest gathering of all stakeholders involved in ecotourism, and interested in more sustainable forms of tourism. It focused much attention and interest on the ecological, social and cultural costs and benefits of tourism. This same year the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) drew attention to tourism and its potential to support the UN Millennium Development Goals. The following year the International Ecotourism Society and the Centre on Ecotourism and Sustainable Development prepared ‘Rights and Responsibilities’ a compilation of Codes of Conduct for Tourism and Indigenous Local Communities (Honey and Thullen, 2003) in recog nition of the need for sustainable tourism to be ‘an instrument for the empowerment of local communities, for the maintenance of cultural diversity and for the alleviation of poverty’. Such fora and the associated policies and strategies 1 generated for sustainable tourism have increasingly emphasized both the issues faced by, and the opportunities for, indigenous people worldwide. As an example, the 5th World Parks Congress, held in Durban South Africa, identified tourism as an increasingly important feature of park management and conservation partnerships. Co-management of protected areas by natural resource manage- ©CAB International 2008. Tourism, Recreation and Sustainability: 260 Linking Culture and the Environment, 2nd edn (eds S.F. McCool and R.N. Moisey)
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TOURISM, RECREATION AND SUSTAINABIL
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TOURISM, RECREATION AND SUSTAINABIL
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Contents Contributors Preface to th
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Contributors Kathleen L. Andereck,
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Preface to the 2nd Edition When we
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1 Introduction: Pathways and Pitfal
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S.F. McCool and R.N. Moisey 3 1600
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S.F. McCool and R.N. Moisey 5 2. Su
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S.F. McCool and R.N. Moisey 7 and t
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S.F. McCool and R.N. Moisey 9 cause
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S.F. McCool and R.N. Moisey 11 acce
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S.F. McCool and R.N. Moisey 13 at h
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S.F. McCool and R.N. Moisey 15 Shum
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I Frameworks and Approaches STEPHEN
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2 Recreation Ecology in Sustainable
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Y.-F. Leung et al. 21 particularly
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Y.-F. Leung et al. 23 the selection
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Y.-F. Leung et al. 25 Amount of imp
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Table 2.1. Some recent examples of
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Y.-F. Leung et al. 29 Experience an
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Y.-F. Leung et al. 31 tour operator
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Y.-F. Leung et al. 33 References Bl
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Y.-F. Leung et al. 35 national park
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Y.-F. Leung et al. 37 Wall, G. and
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C.P. Dawson 39 the tourism experien
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C.P. Dawson 41 ism, sustainable tou
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C.P. Dawson 43 With these proposed
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Table 3.2. A proposed tourism oppor
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C.P. Dawson 47 level of development
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C.P. Dawson 49 Eagles, P.F.J. and N
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4 Hypothesizing the Shifting Mosaic
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D. Ioannides 53 because ‘to rejec
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D. Ioannides 55 related development
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D. Ioannides 57 including hotel cha
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D. Ioannides 59 the early stages of
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D. Ioannides 61 Acknowledging the n
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Table 4.1. Conflicting development
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Table 4.3. Conflicting development
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D. Ioannides 67 by national or regi
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D. Ioannides 69 further development
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D. Ioannides 71 can be thought of a
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D. Ioannides 73 Issues. Channel Vie
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D. Ioannides 75 (ed.) The Tourism A
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R.J. Payne et al. 77 Background The
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R.J. Payne et al. 79 inland and inc
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R.J. Payne et al. 81 economic, soci
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R.J. Payne et al. 83 auditing focus
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R.J. Payne et al. 85 traditional kn
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R.J. Payne et al. 87 North Communit
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R.J. Payne et al. 89 Table 5.2. For
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Table 5.4. Underlying attitudinal d
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R.J. Payne et al. 93 dimensions and
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R.J. Payne et al. 95 and tourists.
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R.J. Payne et al. 97 Ottawa, Parks
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R.J. Payne et al. 99 Western Lake S
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R.J. Payne et al. 101 Customers’
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6 Development and Evaluation of Sus
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M.E. Johnston and G.D. Twynam 105 b
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M.E. Johnston and G.D. Twynam 107 e
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M.E. Johnston and G.D. Twynam 109
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M.E. Johnston and G.D. Twynam 111 p
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M.E. Johnston and G.D. Twynam 113 b
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M.E. Johnston and G.D. Twynam 115 I
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II Tourism, Place and Community R.
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R.N. Moisey and S.F. McCool 119 to
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7 From ‘Guiding Fiction’ to Act
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A. Gill and P.W. Williams 123 Decli
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A. Gill and P.W. Williams 125 Curre
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A. Gill and P.W. Williams 127 these
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A. Gill and P.W. Williams 129 cal [
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8 Destination and Place Branding: a
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U. Jamrozy and J.A. Walsh 133 binat
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U. Jamrozy and J.A. Walsh 135 The m
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U. Jamrozy and J.A. Walsh 137 their
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U. Jamrozy and J.A. Walsh 139 Exist
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U. Jamrozy and J.A. Walsh 141 Fan,
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J.L. Meyer 143 contrast, is an inta
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J.L. Meyer 145 integral to the fiel
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J.L. Meyer 147 summer of wildfires
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J.L. Meyer 149 affection is for thi
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J.L. Meyer 151 These studies reveal
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J.L. Meyer 153 Rockies’ gold rush
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J.L. Meyer 155 References Barbee, R
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J.L. Meyer 157 Schullery, P. (1980)
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R.E. Mitchell 159 Defining sustaina
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R.E. Mitchell 161 Building upon thi
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R.E. Mitchell 163 both culturally a
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R.E. Mitchell 165 accommodation on
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R.E. Mitchell 167 travel agencies a
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R.E. Mitchell 169 somewhat in 1997
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R.E. Mitchell 171 over the right to
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R.E. Mitchell 173 Impacts The surve
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R.E. Mitchell 175 Terrorism: severa
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R.E. Mitchell 177 would prefer tour
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R.E. Mitchell 179 Dense socio-polit
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R.E. Mitchell 181 References Arnste
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11 Local Participation and Attainin
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K. Horochowski and R.N. Moisey 185
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III Emerging Issues in Culture and
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12 Tourism and Poverty Alleviation:
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Dr A. Spenceley 199 Poverty tourism
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Dr A. Spenceley 201 developing coun
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Dr A. Spenceley 203 Similarly, gene
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Dr A. Spenceley 205 by tourism comp
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Dr A. Spenceley 207 Although some o
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Page 224 and 225: Table 12.7. Increasing participatio
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Page 228 and 229: Dr A. Spenceley 217 Goodwin, H. and
Page 230 and 231: Dr A. Spenceley 219 United Nations/
Page 232 and 233: R. Staiff 221 the Management Plan 2
Page 234 and 235: R. Staiff 223 research to national
Page 236 and 237: R. Staiff 225 within the orbit of
Page 238 and 239: R. Staiff 227 The extensive calligr
Page 240 and 241: R. Staiff 229 crafted details posit
Page 242 and 243: R. Staiff 231 8 In a provocative es
Page 244 and 245: R. Staiff 233 determinism) is polit
Page 246 and 247: R. Staiff 235 Rojek, C. and Urry, J
Page 248 and 249: K.L. Andereck and N.G. McGehee 237
Page 250 and 251: Table 14.1. Tourism attitude items
Page 272 and 273: A. Trau and R. Bushell 261 ment age
Page 274 and 275: A. Trau and R. Bushell 263 and in t
Page 276 and 277: A. Trau and R. Bushell 265 Bank, an
Page 278 and 279: A. Trau and R. Bushell 267 Educatio
Page 280 and 281: A. Trau and R. Bushell 269 healthy
Page 282 and 283: A. Trau and R. Bushell 271 1 4 Good
Page 284 and 285: A. Trau and R. Bushell 273 communit
Page 286 and 287: A. Trau and R. Bushell 275 The Aust
Page 288 and 289: A. Trau and R. Bushell 277 Notes ab
Page 290 and 291: A. Trau and R. Bushell 279 prepared
Page 292 and 293: A. Trau and R. Bushell 281 from the
Page 294 and 295: 16 Sustainable Tourism in the 21st
Page 296 and 297: R.N. Moisey and S.F. McCool 285 tou
Page 298 and 299: R.N. Moisey and S.F. McCool 287 Not
Page 300 and 301: R.N. Moisey and S.F. McCool 289 wha
Page 302 and 303: R.N. Moisey and S.F. McCool 291 nat
Page 304 and 305: Index Aboriginal 220-221, 260-265,
Page 306 and 307: Index 295 Overseas Development Init
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