Linking Culture and the Environment

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Index 295 Overseas Development Initiative (ODI) 203–205 Peru 158, 161–166 Policy 10–11, 53–55, 57–58, 71–72, 98, 170–171, 209 intervention 209–212 planning 54–55, 66–68, 117, 162, 169–170, 288–289 Pollution 77–78, 95–96, 150 Poverty 195–196, 198–201, 262 pro-poor tourism 203–208, 209, 212–213, 262, 269 Recreation opportunity spectrum (ROS) 40, 43–47 Resort-cycle model 59–60, 71 Responsible tourism 207–208 Rio conference 81, 199–200 Snowmobiles 146–147, 149–151 Social exchange theory 246–248 South America 158 Standards 80–86, 103–104 Study 110–113, 162–166, 207–208, 245–248, 255–256 methodology 86–88, 166–167, 187, 236–242 Sustainability 1–4, 18, 70–71, 224–225, 229–230, 285 social 80–86, 121–126 Sustainable development 80–81, 123–126, 197–198, 224–225 tourism 11–13, 19–20, 51–52, 76, 83–84, 103–104, 114–115, 198–199, 283–284, 285–287, 290–291 barriers 52–55 codes 104–109 definition 4–6, 55–56, 159–160 development 57–59, 104–105, 127, 160–161, 175–180, 284–285, 288–289 evaluation 20, 56–57, 86–99, 109–113 indicators 7–8, 30, 84–85, 110, 290 marketing 131–140, 152 see also ecotourism utilization 80 Sustainable Model for Arctic Region Tourism (SMART) 113–115 The International Ecotourism Society (TIES) 82 The Natural Step (TNS) organization 121–129 Tourism 2–4, 283–291 Arctic 104–115 Australia 220–222, 228–229, 263–273 Canada 76–79, 86–99, 121–129 China 225–228 Cyprus 54–55, 66–69 development 6–7, 191–192 planning 8–11, 43–48, 58, 104–105, 160–161, 169–170, 175–177, 186, 288–289 Hondruras 186–192 impact 284–285 environment 6–7, 19, 20–26, 68–69, 95–96, 150–151, 241–242 measure 242–245 opportunity spectrum (TOS) 40–48, 286, 289 marketing 131, 152 brand 132–140 models 69–70, 248–254 Gunya business model 226–268 resort-cycle model 59–60 stress-state-response-indicators 84–85 Sustainable Model for Arctic Region Tourism (SMART) 113–115 tourism area life cycle (TALC) 59–60, 61–62 Yellowstone 151–153 Peru 158, 161–166 pro-poor 203–208, 209, 212–213, 262, 269 stakeholders 52, 57–58, 60–62, 105, 285–286, 287–288
296 Index Tourism (continued) indigenous 220–221, 260–265, 266–277 opinions 89–97, 166–169, 187–191, 236–237, 238–254, 270–273 participation 123–126, 154, 158, 159–161, 162–166, 171–172, 175–178, 184–185, 196, 209–212, 264–265, 268–273 priorities 62–66 social exchange theory 246–248 see also sustainable tourism see also USA Tourist activities 146–147, 149–151 education 30–31 experience 144–145, 149, 165–166, 225–229 host-tourist interactions 94–95, 184, 236–237 impact 25, 95–96 type 201 UN 197–198, 199–200, 205 Brundtland Commission 18, 80, 143, 197, 285 environment programme (UNEP) 81, 205, 260 UNESCO man and biosphere reserve 225, 260–262 USA Arizona 236–237, 242, 248–255 Hilton head 61–62 Yellowstone national park 118, 142–154 World Conservation Union (IUCN) 80–81, 84–85 strategy 80–81 World Tourism Organization (WTO) 205, 260 World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) 81 Arctic programme 104–113 Yellowstone National Park 118, 142–154
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TOURISM, RECREATION AND SUSTAINABIL
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TOURISM, RECREATION AND SUSTAINABIL
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Contents Contributors Preface to th
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Contributors Kathleen L. Andereck,
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Preface to the 2nd Edition When we
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1 Introduction: Pathways and Pitfal
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S.F. McCool and R.N. Moisey 3 1600
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S.F. McCool and R.N. Moisey 5 2. Su
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S.F. McCool and R.N. Moisey 7 and t
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S.F. McCool and R.N. Moisey 9 cause
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S.F. McCool and R.N. Moisey 11 acce
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S.F. McCool and R.N. Moisey 13 at h
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S.F. McCool and R.N. Moisey 15 Shum
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I Frameworks and Approaches STEPHEN
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2 Recreation Ecology in Sustainable
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Y.-F. Leung et al. 21 particularly
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Y.-F. Leung et al. 23 the selection
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Y.-F. Leung et al. 25 Amount of imp
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Table 2.1. Some recent examples of
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Y.-F. Leung et al. 29 Experience an
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Y.-F. Leung et al. 31 tour operator
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Y.-F. Leung et al. 33 References Bl
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Y.-F. Leung et al. 35 national park
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Y.-F. Leung et al. 37 Wall, G. and
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C.P. Dawson 39 the tourism experien
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C.P. Dawson 41 ism, sustainable tou
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C.P. Dawson 43 With these proposed
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Table 3.2. A proposed tourism oppor
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C.P. Dawson 47 level of development
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C.P. Dawson 49 Eagles, P.F.J. and N
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4 Hypothesizing the Shifting Mosaic
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D. Ioannides 53 because ‘to rejec
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D. Ioannides 55 related development
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D. Ioannides 57 including hotel cha
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D. Ioannides 59 the early stages of
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D. Ioannides 61 Acknowledging the n
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Table 4.1. Conflicting development
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Table 4.3. Conflicting development
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D. Ioannides 67 by national or regi
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D. Ioannides 69 further development
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D. Ioannides 71 can be thought of a
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D. Ioannides 73 Issues. Channel Vie
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D. Ioannides 75 (ed.) The Tourism A
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R.J. Payne et al. 77 Background The
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R.J. Payne et al. 79 inland and inc
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R.J. Payne et al. 81 economic, soci
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R.J. Payne et al. 83 auditing focus
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R.J. Payne et al. 85 traditional kn
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R.J. Payne et al. 87 North Communit
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R.J. Payne et al. 89 Table 5.2. For
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Table 5.4. Underlying attitudinal d
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R.J. Payne et al. 93 dimensions and
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R.J. Payne et al. 95 and tourists.
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R.J. Payne et al. 97 Ottawa, Parks
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R.J. Payne et al. 99 Western Lake S
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R.J. Payne et al. 101 Customers’
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6 Development and Evaluation of Sus
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M.E. Johnston and G.D. Twynam 105 b
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M.E. Johnston and G.D. Twynam 107 e
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M.E. Johnston and G.D. Twynam 109
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M.E. Johnston and G.D. Twynam 111 p
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M.E. Johnston and G.D. Twynam 113 b
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M.E. Johnston and G.D. Twynam 115 I
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II Tourism, Place and Community R.
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R.N. Moisey and S.F. McCool 119 to
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7 From ‘Guiding Fiction’ to Act
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A. Gill and P.W. Williams 123 Decli
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A. Gill and P.W. Williams 125 Curre
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A. Gill and P.W. Williams 127 these
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A. Gill and P.W. Williams 129 cal [
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8 Destination and Place Branding: a
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U. Jamrozy and J.A. Walsh 133 binat
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U. Jamrozy and J.A. Walsh 135 The m
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U. Jamrozy and J.A. Walsh 137 their
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U. Jamrozy and J.A. Walsh 139 Exist
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U. Jamrozy and J.A. Walsh 141 Fan,
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J.L. Meyer 143 contrast, is an inta
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J.L. Meyer 145 integral to the fiel
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J.L. Meyer 147 summer of wildfires
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J.L. Meyer 149 affection is for thi
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J.L. Meyer 151 These studies reveal
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J.L. Meyer 153 Rockies’ gold rush
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J.L. Meyer 155 References Barbee, R
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J.L. Meyer 157 Schullery, P. (1980)
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R.E. Mitchell 159 Defining sustaina
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R.E. Mitchell 161 Building upon thi
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R.E. Mitchell 163 both culturally a
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R.E. Mitchell 165 accommodation on
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R.E. Mitchell 167 travel agencies a
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R.E. Mitchell 169 somewhat in 1997
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R.E. Mitchell 171 over the right to
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R.E. Mitchell 173 Impacts The surve
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R.E. Mitchell 175 Terrorism: severa
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R.E. Mitchell 177 would prefer tour
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R.E. Mitchell 179 Dense socio-polit
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R.E. Mitchell 181 References Arnste
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11 Local Participation and Attainin
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K. Horochowski and R.N. Moisey 185
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III Emerging Issues in Culture and
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12 Tourism and Poverty Alleviation:
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Dr A. Spenceley 199 Poverty tourism
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Dr A. Spenceley 201 developing coun
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Dr A. Spenceley 203 Similarly, gene
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Dr A. Spenceley 205 by tourism comp
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Dr A. Spenceley 207 Although some o
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Dr A. Spenceley 209 Tourism Benefit
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Dr A. Spenceley 211 The third examp
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Table 12.7. Increasing participatio
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Dr A. Spenceley 215 They recommend
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Dr A. Spenceley 217 Goodwin, H. and
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Dr A. Spenceley 219 United Nations/
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R. Staiff 221 the Management Plan 2
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R. Staiff 223 research to national
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R. Staiff 225 within the orbit of
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R. Staiff 227 The extensive calligr
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R. Staiff 229 crafted details posit
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R. Staiff 231 8 In a provocative es
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R. Staiff 233 determinism) is polit
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R. Staiff 235 Rojek, C. and Urry, J
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K.L. Andereck and N.G. McGehee 237
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Table 14.1. Tourism attitude items
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Page 256 and 257: K.L. Andereck and N.G. McGehee 245
Page 272 and 273: A. Trau and R. Bushell 261 ment age
Page 274 and 275: A. Trau and R. Bushell 263 and in t
Page 276 and 277: A. Trau and R. Bushell 265 Bank, an
Page 278 and 279: A. Trau and R. Bushell 267 Educatio
Page 280 and 281: A. Trau and R. Bushell 269 healthy
Page 282 and 283: A. Trau and R. Bushell 271 1 4 Good
Page 284 and 285: A. Trau and R. Bushell 273 communit
Page 286 and 287: A. Trau and R. Bushell 275 The Aust
Page 288 and 289: A. Trau and R. Bushell 277 Notes ab
Page 290 and 291: A. Trau and R. Bushell 279 prepared
Page 292 and 293: A. Trau and R. Bushell 281 from the
Page 294 and 295: 16 Sustainable Tourism in the 21st
Page 296 and 297: R.N. Moisey and S.F. McCool 285 tou
Page 298 and 299: R.N. Moisey and S.F. McCool 287 Not
Page 300 and 301: R.N. Moisey and S.F. McCool 289 wha
Page 302 and 303: R.N. Moisey and S.F. McCool 291 nat
Page 304 and 305: Index Aboriginal 220-221, 260-265,
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Linking Culture and the Environment

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