Airborne Gravity 2010 - Geoscience Australia

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Airborne Gravity 2010 Preface Introduction to “Airborne Gravity 2010” Richard Lane 1 , Robert Smith 2 , Mark Dransfield 3 , and David Robson 4 1 Geoscience Australia (richard.lane@ga.gov.au) 2 Greenfields Geophysics (greengeo@bigpond.net.au) 3 Fugro Airborne Geophysics Pty Ltd (mdransfield@fugroairborne.com.au) 4 Geological Survey of NSW (david.robson@industry.nsw.gov.au) As members of the Airborne Gravity 2010 Workshop Committee, we provide this short introduction to the record of proceedings. This volume contains papers submitted for the Airborne Gravity 2010 workshop, held in Sydney on August 22, 2010, in conjunction with ‘ASEG–PESA 2010’, the ASEG- PESA 21st International Geophysical Conference and Exhibition. The aims of this workshop were to review developments in airborne gravity (including airborne gravity gradiometry) that had occurred since the previous workshop held in 2004 (Lane, 2004), and to anticipate expected developments in the next 5 to 10 years. These developments include the introduction of new airborne systems, improvements to related technologies (e.g., GPS and terrain mapping), and developments in data processing and interpretation. The morning program mainly addressed operating airborne gravity systems, both the existing systems and those under development. The afternoon program was directed towards related technologies, processing and interpretation methods. The overall theme for the day was intended to provoke some forward thinking and commentary on where we expect or desire to go in the next five to ten years. The audience was asked to think about these issues, and to contribute ideas and comments during the final summing up session. Airborne gravity has long been considered the “missing link” in the geophysical toolbox and it has really only become widely available in the last decade. Several contractors now operate airborne gravimeters and airborne gravity gradiometers. Several new systems are under development and others are on the drawing board. We might anticipate airborne gravity to take a similar development path to that of airborne magnetics during the last 50 to 60 years, albeit somewhat more rapid. Perhaps this is too simplistic. Magnetic methods were originally used to detect major magnetic anomalies, often those associated with iron ore. We rapidly moved beyond this to mapping more subtle magnetic features, but still those generally considered to be distinct ‘anomalies’. We are now mapping geology in three dimensions using all of the magnetic data available, plus any possible geological constraints, and also with input from related geophysical data from other methods (including gravity and seismic). Accordingly, we might anticipate that airborne gravity will move rapidly beyond “anomaly hunting” to widespread use in regional and even detailed mapping, incorporating geological constraints and input from other geophysical measurements. However, there are still some fundamental differences between gravity and magnetic methods. The range of physical properties affecting gravity data is much smaller, the effect of terrain is much more important and, at present, the cost is much greater. We can’t change the first two of these but we do expect that costs will come down and data quality will improve. With higher quality data, we might even witness more widespread use of airborne gravity to monitor changes to the distribution of mass on the Earth over time. To capture the essence of the day and to promote the ongoing development of airborne geophysical methods, speakers were invited to submit papers for inclusion in a workshop volume. The papers were reviewed prior to publication in this Geoscience Australia Record. Participants received a copy at the workshop, and additional copies of the Record are available on an ongoing basis from Geoscience Australia (www.ga.gov.au). 1
Airborne Gravity 2010 Images on the front cover The images on the cover of this joint publication Geoscience Australia Record 2010/23 and Geological Survey of New South Wales File GS2010/0457 (Figure 1) illustrate a selection of highlights for airborne gravity technology and applications that have taken place since 2004. These highlights include the adaptation of existing technologies to produce new acquisition configurations, new generations of instruments, and application of airborne (including satellite) gravity methods at all conceivable scales; from global, through regional, to prospect scales. Figure 1. Montage of images and photographs used on the front cover of joint publication Geoscience Australia Record 2010/23 and Geological Survey of New South Wales File GS2010/0457. Top row Image of the first global geoid model based on data from the GOCE satellite gravity gradiometer system. Image released by the European Space Agency (ESA) in mid-2010 (GOCE, n.d.). GOCE (Drinkwater et al., 2007), launched in 2009, provides global gravity gradiometer information with 100 km resolution from an orbit at altitudes of 250 to 300 km. Complete global coverage is achieved on a 61-day repeat cycle, enabling estimates of the time-varying gravity field to be recorded in addition to the production of an estimate of the long-term mean gravity field that will improve in accuracy as more and more data are acquired. Middle row, left to right Recently released GT-2A airborne gravity system inside a BN-2T Islander aircraft (Olson, 2010). This instrument is a major upgrade from the GT-1A instrument launched into the marketplace in 2003. Photograph supplied by Dan Olson, Canadian Micro Gravity Ltd. Micro-g LaCoste Turnkey Airborne Gravity System (TAGS) airborne gravity system installed in a US Navy King Air aircraft. This photograph was taken during the 2009 GRAV-D Alaska-Fairbanks Survey carried out by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Geodetic Survey (NGS). The survey, funded by National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA), is part of a 2
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