Airborne Gravity 2010 - Geoscience Australia

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Airborne Gravity 2010 program to redefine the North American vertical datum. Photograph supplied by Theresa Diehl, NOAA - National Geodetic Survey. The HeliFALCON airborne gravity gradiometer (Dransfield et al., 2010) and RESOLVE airborne electromagnetic systems photographed at Norm’s Camp, Ekati, Canada. The digital AGG is mounted behind the pilot’s seat, with twin LiDAR systems in a pod mounted below and behind the cabin. The RESOLVE AEM bird is resting on the ground in front of the Aerospatiale 350-B3 helicopter. Photograph by G. Gooch, supplied by Mark Dransfield, Fugro Airborne Geophysics Pty Ltd. Bottom row, left to right Bell Geospace Air-FTG ® airborne gravity gradiometer system mounted in a Zeppelin airship (Hatch and Pitts, 2010). The stable, slow moving airship provided a perfect platform for acquiring high quality data for the De Beers Group in Botswana during 2006. Photograph supplied by David Hatch, Gedex Inc. (formerly with De Beers Group Services). Images of residual gravity, total magnetic intensity and electromagnetic B-field response in channel 9 from the joint FALCON digital AGG, TMI and TEMPEST survey at the Kauring Test Site (Dransfield et al., 2010; Howard et al., 2010). Each image covers the prospect-scale core region of the test site, an approximate area of 2 km by 10 km. The survey was flown by Fugro Airborne Surveys as a proofof-concept experiment in a CASA 212 twin-engine aircraft in late 2009. The response of features with anomalous density, magnetisation and conductivity properties is evident in the central portion of each image. Images supplied by Mark Dransfield, Fugro Airborne Geophysics Pty Ltd. VK1 airborne gravity gradiometer system mounted in a Cessna 208 aircraft (Anstie et al., 2010). The system, being developed by Rio Tinto in collaboration with the Department of Physics at the University of Western Australia (UWA), has the ambitious goal of achieving a noise level better than 1 Eo in a bandwidth of 1 Hz and is undergoing final preparations prior to flight trials. Photograph supplied by Theo Aravanis, Rio Tinto Exploration. Image of regional Bouguer data acquired with an AIRGrav airborne gravity system operated by Sander Geophysics on behalf of Geoscience BC and the Geological Survey of Canada. The survey, covering a substantial part of British Columbia, Canada, was flown to stimulate mineral and petroleum investment in British Columbia (Kowalczyk et al., 2010). Approximately 100,000 line km of data were acquired on lines spaced at 2 km intervals in four campaigns during the period 2007-2009. The survey covers an area of approximately 150 km by 1000 km. Image supplied by Luise Sander, Sander Geophysics. Units Physical quantities should be expressed according to the Système International d'Unités (International System of Units, international abbreviation SI). The Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) is the custodian of this system (http://www.bipm.org/en/si/). As part of a collaborative effort, the U.S. adaptation of the SI is managed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (http://www.nist.gov/physlab/div842/fcdc/si-units.cfm). The SI unit for acceleration is “metre per second squared” (m/s 2 ). The signals encountered in gravity surveys for exploration are small, and the prefix “micro” is commonly used (micrometre per second squared, μm/s2). The gal (or Gal), equal to 1 cm/s 2 , is a derived unit for acceleration in the CGS system of units. A prefix of “milli” is commonly used (milligal, mGal). In rare cases in the literature, a “gravity unit” (gu) may be encountered. In this publication, the μm/s 2 has been the preferred unit for gravity measurements, but mGal has been accepted. 1 μm/s 2 = 10 -6 m/s 2 1 mGal = 10 μm/s 2 1 gu = 1 μm/s 2 The gravity gradient is a gradient of acceleration and so the appropriate units are acceleration units divided by distance units. Thus, “per second squared” (s -2 ) is appropriate in the SI system. Typical gravity gradients measured in exploration are extremely small, and the prefix “nano” is appropriate in most circumstances (per nanosecond squared, ns -2 ). The eotvos unit (E or Eo), although not recognised in either the SI or CGS systems, is used almost universally in geophysics as the unit for 3
Airborne Gravity 2010 gravity gradient measurements. It is equal to 1 ns -2 . In this publication, the ns -2 and E or Eo have been accepted as units for gravity gradient measurements. 1 ns -2 = 10 -9 s -2 1 Eo = 1 ns -2 1 Eo = 1 E Acknowledgments The Airborne Gravity 2010 Workshop Organising Committee would like to acknowledge the support of the ASEG-PESA 2010 Conference Organizing Committee and the Conference Secretariat. Support from Geoscience Australia and Industry & Investment NSW (Geological Survey of New South Wales) helped to make the workshop a success. Printing of copies of this volume for workshop attendees was kindly managed by Industry and Investment NSW (Geological Survey of New South Wales). Finally, a vote of thanks goes to the presenters and other participants who contributed to the workshop on the day and also the authors who prepared the material forming this permanent record of the event. Richard Lane publishes with the permission of the Chief Executive Officer, Geoscience Australia. References Anstie, J., Aravanis, T., Johnston, P., Mann, A., Longman, M., Sergeant, A., Smith, R., Van Kann, F., Walker, G., Wells, G., and Winterflood, J., 2010, Preparation for flight testing the VK1 gravity gradiometer: In R. J. L. Lane (editor), Airborne Gravity 2010 - Abstracts from the ASEG-PESA Airborne Gravity 2010 Workshop: Published jointly by Geoscience Australia and the Geological Survey of New South Wales, Geoscience Australia Record 2010/23 and GSNSW File GS2010/0457. Dransfield, M., Le Roux, T., and Burrows, D., Airborne gravimetry and gravity gradiometry at Fugro Airborne Surveys: In R. J. L. Lane (editor), Airborne Gravity 2010 - Abstracts from the ASEG- PESA Airborne Gravity 2010 Workshop: Published jointly by Geoscience Australia and the Geological Survey of New South Wales, Geoscience Australia Record 2010/23 and GSNSW File GS2010/0457. Drinkwater M. R., Haagmans, R., Muzi, D., Popescu, A., Floberghagen, R., Kern, M., and Fehringer, M., 2007, The GOCE gravity mission: ESA’s first core Earth explorer: Proceedings of the 3rd International GOCE User Workshop, 6–8 November 2006, Frascati, Italy, ESA SP-627, 1-8. GOCE, n.d., http://www.esa.int/esaLP/LPgoce.html, accessed 9 July 2010. Hatch, D., and Pitts, B., 2010, The De Beers Airship Gravity Project: In R. J. L. Lane (editor), Airborne Gravity 2010 - Abstracts from the ASEG-PESA Airborne Gravity 2010 Workshop: Published jointly by Geoscience Australia and the Geological Survey of New South Wales, Geoscience Australia Record 2010/23 and GSNSW File GS2010/0457. Howard, D., Grujic, M., and Lane, R., 2010, The Kauring airborne gravity and airborne gravity gradiometer test site, Western Australia: In R. J. L. Lane (editor), Airborne Gravity 2010 - Abstracts from the ASEG-PESA Airborne Gravity 2010 Workshop: Published jointly by Geoscience Australia and the Geological Survey of New South Wales, Geoscience Australia Record 2010/23 and GSNSW File GS2010/0457. Kowalczyk, P., Oldenburg, D., Phillips, N., Nguyen, T. N. H., and Thomson, V., 2010, Acquisition and analysis of the 2007-2009 Geoscience BC airborne data: In R. J. L. Lane (editor), Airborne Gravity 2010 - Abstracts from the ASEG-PESA Airborne Gravity 2010 Workshop: Published jointly by Geoscience Australia and the Geological Survey of New South Wales, Geoscience Australia Record 2010/23 and GSNSW File GS2010/0457. Lane, R. J. L. (editor), 2004, Airborne Gravity 2004 – Abstracts from the ASEG-PESA Airborne Gravity 2004 Workshop: Geoscience Australia Record 2004/18. Olson, D., 2010, GT-1A and GT-2A Airborne Gravimeters: Improvements in design, operation, and processing from 2003 to 2010: In R. J. L. Lane (editor), Airborne Gravity 2010 - Abstracts from the ASEG-PESA Airborne Gravity 2010 Workshop: Published jointly by Geoscience Australia and the Geological Survey of New South Wales, Geoscience Australia Record 2010/23 and GSNSW File GS2010/0457. 4
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