She followed the curve of the ceiling from one of the four columns to the center <strong>and</strong> lost all her heaviness. What clear,serene beauty, how is it possible that color, stucco, <strong>and</strong> space harmonize like music? She thought of the churches ofRussia, which resembled overloaded, gilded caves, how strange, this was a Christian faith completely unknown to her, ofa wild joy, an ecstatic, extravagant otherworldliness—very different from the heavy Italian Baroque.She forgot time <strong>and</strong> herself <strong>and</strong> left only when the church filled with somber people, <strong>and</strong> a priest appeared to celebratethe evening service.Her head had cleared."It is my Georgian penchant to wallow in gloom <strong>and</strong> despair. Katharina has nothing to do with it, <strong>and</strong> <strong>Konrad</strong> is honest<strong>and</strong> really innocent. This is the moloch of jealousy who is trying to eat me up. I have to free myself from it, <strong>and</strong> all three ofus will be blissfully happy."When she came home, a worried <strong>Konrad</strong> was waiting for her. She embraced him. "Forgive me, I was overcome by myfear of losing you. I shall try to love you <strong>and</strong> Katharina better. Give me time, please.""Alex<strong>and</strong>ra," <strong>Konrad</strong> said. "Brace yourself, ours are small worries. I have bad news from St. Petersburg. Things areslipping towards a catastrophe."Alex<strong>and</strong>ra paled. "Did you find mail from home?""Yes, I found a letter from Deda to you in my office mail. According to the newspapers everything looks bleak <strong>and</strong> dark inRussia. Nicholas is heedless <strong>and</strong> improvises more irresponsibly than ever. Instead of relaxing the tensions after Plehve’sdeath, the government proclaimed martial law in St. Petersburg. There have been executions, strikes are paralyzing thecity. The Japanese are tightening their noose around Port Arthur. Nebulous rumors abound of mutinies on the ships ofthe expeditionary fleet that was to relieve Port Arthur. How long can the Russian garrison there hold out against theoverwhelming Japanese forces?"Alex<strong>and</strong>ra opened Deda’s letter. She wrote in her less-than-perfect German, undoubtedly to make the censor’s job moredifficult. Her words were carefully chosen, but her gloom was glaring. A mutiny in the garrison in Tiflis had beensuppressed, Ilia was under arrest, <strong>and</strong> her mother was very weak <strong>and</strong> would not live much longer.And here, in this peaceful corner of the world, they spent their days visiting friends, going shopping, <strong>and</strong> playing frivolousgames with each other. A wave of guilt distracted her from her own gloom. However, she was even less able to untanglethese feelings than her confused jealousy.When threatened by her Georgian moroseness, Alex<strong>and</strong>ra had in the past submerged herself in some constructive work.She decided to call Claudia to start searching for Dioskorides in the university library.They found a magnificent late-Byzantine manuscript of Dioskorides’ De Materia Medica, which they were allowed to readin a special room under the supervision of a library official. It contained a beautifully written Greek text <strong>and</strong> drawings ofplants. Claudia had a hard time with its medieval Greek <strong>and</strong> had to consult a special dictionary constantly. They split thejob, Claudia copied the Greek text <strong>and</strong> Alex<strong>and</strong>ra looked up unknown words which they noted in the margin of their copy.Delighted they discovered that Dioskorides’ indications were described by very explicit terms: atokos (anti-offspring):postcoital contraceptive; ekmpallein tou embryon (expel the embryo): abortifacients; phthoros tou embryon: late-termdestruction of an embryo, etc. However, many of the plants Dioskorides mentioned were not in the dictionary. Theywould have to consult additional botanical literature to identify them—<strong>and</strong> for this reason they asked <strong>Konrad</strong> for help.For days Claudia carefully copied the chapters of interest <strong>and</strong> Alex<strong>and</strong>ra the plant illustrations."Tell me, Claudia," Alex<strong>and</strong>ra asked over a cup of coffee, "what does a psychiatrist do? In Russia that profession doesnot exist. Your mother said that in the cities psychiatry replaces religion.""Oh well," Claudia began to laugh, "psyches iatros is, of course, a ‘physician of the psyche,’ someone who treats ‘psychicdisorders’ like hysteria, depressions, <strong>and</strong> schizophrenia. Mother did not exactly say what you heard. She meant, becausepeople in the villages were religious, they relied on the priests to solve their emotional problems. Many people in thecities have broken with religious traditions or consider priests disagreeable, those people take their problems to myfather.""You mean, your father could help me with my depressions if they threaten to devour me?"Claudia wrinkled her forehead <strong>and</strong> shook her head. "There is much skepticism towards psychotherapy, the field is young<strong>and</strong> its methods of treatment seem slow <strong>and</strong> experimental. He could try, but I don’t think your depressions are thatcomplicated, besides you are not rich enough to afford my father!" She laughed. "It sometimes seems to me thatpsychotherapy is only for the rich <strong>and</strong> fashionable. Should I analyze your problem for you?"Now Alex<strong>and</strong>ra began to laugh. "I think, I do know my problem, but how to cope with my ‘emotional disorder’ that is thequestion. What do you think is bothering me?""Jealousy! Dear friend, simple old-fashioned jealousy."Alex<strong>and</strong>ra bit her lip. "Yes, <strong>and</strong> what does the doctor recommend?""To get rid of Katharina, of course!"Alex<strong>and</strong>ra flared up. "No! That won’t do. I cannot throw Katharina out, she is my close friend, <strong>and</strong> my jealousy hasnothing to do with her, it is entirely between <strong>Konrad</strong> <strong>and</strong> myself.""Well, then you have only two other choices, either learn not to be jealous or get rid of your dear husb<strong>and</strong>, right?"86
Alex<strong>and</strong>ra touched her necklace <strong>and</strong> with a hostile look replied. "Your logic is excellent, but how can I get rid of <strong>Konrad</strong>?My entire life depends on this man. I love him."She broke down in tears. "You have put your finger on the problem, I love both of these people, <strong>and</strong> I could even explainwhy. It is I who gets uncontrollably morose. This terrible Georgian affliction of tragic depression. It is not simple, oldfashionedjealousy. I have to find a way not to react viciously when I see <strong>Konrad</strong> <strong>and</strong> Katharina happy, they are bothinnocent. I even attacked you on that first night at the Chinesische Turm <strong>and</strong> you are not even involved in this drama.And two weeks ago I destroyed two harmless films we went to see, just because <strong>Konrad</strong> had spent the afternoon helpingKatharina buy a new blouse. They were so happy. It is not right to hurt them with my impetuosity."Claudia took her friend into her arms. "I know so little about passionate love, Alex<strong>and</strong>ra, <strong>and</strong> passionate jealousy must beeven harder to live down. Are you afraid that Katharina might take <strong>Konrad</strong> away from you?"Alex<strong>and</strong>ra was silent. Finally, from very far away, she said, "I have examined this question <strong>and</strong> cannot find a rationalreason for such a fear. Of course, it would be a lie to say that I do not fear such a possibility."Her friend smiled. "Look Alex<strong>and</strong>ra, it seems to me that the moroser you get, the larger becomes the possibility that<strong>Konrad</strong> tires of you. In order that <strong>Konrad</strong> does not leave you out of despair over your fits of jealousy, you have to learn tocontrol your moods <strong>and</strong> love them both equally."After they had labored for two weeks over their translation, <strong>Konrad</strong> asked whether they had done a careful literaturesearch on Dioskorides <strong>and</strong> the medical knowledge of classical antiquity. They had completely forgotten to do that.Alex<strong>and</strong>ra had known of Dioskorides, <strong>and</strong> in her excitement to have tracked down the forbidden book <strong>and</strong> to haveClaudia’s help, had delved into the translation without much thinking.They returned to the library <strong>and</strong> searched the catalogues for translations of the De Materia Medica <strong>and</strong> the Gynæciorum,a somewhat later treatise by Soranus. The bibliography of the German Soranus translation became their key to the entirefield of antique pharmacology. The two women were overwhelmed by the wealth of ancient knowledge on gynecology.Fortunately, only a few texts addressed the use of contraceptives.They finally decided to cross-reference Dioskorides’ indications, potions, <strong>and</strong> plants with those of Soranus <strong>and</strong> the plantsAlex<strong>and</strong>ra had found in Georgian folk medicine with aunt Sophia <strong>and</strong> Leist’s help.<strong>Konrad</strong> became their invaluable expert in identifying the plants. Many of the plants still had the same Greek botanicalnames that Dioskorides had used, like artemisia, epimedion, <strong>and</strong> aristolochia.There were a few surprises: The seeds of the pomegranate, punica granatum—which Hades had given Persephonewhen she arrived in the underworld—turned out to be a very old abortifacent! <strong>Konrad</strong> had always thought that Hades hadgiven Persephone the seven seeds of the pomegranate for symbolic reasons—who eats of the pomegranate will befruitful <strong>and</strong> be destined for Hades—it now appeared as if Hades might have given Persephone the seeds to prevent herfrom bearing a dead child in the underworld!"Do you remember Deda’s Easter play? My whole story of Persephone in the underworld will have to be revised. Howcan she bear Brimus, if Pluto made her use pomegranate seeds as a contraceptive?""Oh, very easily," laughed Alex<strong>and</strong>ra, "she only ate the sweet meat off the seeds <strong>and</strong> spit our the pits when Pluto was notlooking! Persephone was not that dumb.""Well, maybe Demeter’s desperate fight for Persephone’s return every year gains a new aspect: to allow Persephone todeliver her children above ground in sunshine. Maybe underground she did after all use pomegranate seeds!"Not always could <strong>Konrad</strong> correlate Dioskorides’ plant names with known plants, such was the case with the mysterioussilphion. This plant also appeared in Soranus, <strong>and</strong> in both texts headed the list of efficient <strong>and</strong> relatively harmlessabortifacients. What was it? Soranus also called it "Cyrenaica juice" which led Claudia <strong>and</strong> <strong>Konrad</strong> to discover that thename also appeared in Herodotus (4.169) who reports that silphion was cultivated in the Cyrenaica. Rose, unable toidentify the plant in his translation of Soranus, made a reference to Plinius’ Natural History (19.15.38) where it ismentioned under the name laserpicium, "quod Graeci silphion vocant, in Cyrenaica provincia repertum–sucus herbaeferula." Yet, a little earlier (19.15.35) Plinius reported that the plant had been "extinct for many years."<strong>Konrad</strong> was delighted. "Well, of course, it must have been a ferula, a fennel, like ferula asafoetida, which youencountered in Georgian recipes. But it is peculiar that silphion should have been extinct by Plinius’ time, less than thirtyyears after Dioskorides. What happened?"Wanting to examine the Dioskorides manuscript again, they found that a Professor Wellmann had his h<strong>and</strong>s on the copy.Wellmann was less than delighted to be pursued by two female competitors, he was also working on a translation of theMateria Medica. It took the two women several days to convince the suspicious professor, that they were interested onlyin a very narrow selection of medical plants <strong>and</strong> would delight in using his translation instead of their dilettante work oflove <strong>and</strong> excitement.Wellmann confessed that his translation was unfinished, that he had nothing to show yet. Finally Claudia invited him fortea to her parents’ house which predictably melted the professor. At this occasion Alex<strong>and</strong>ra charmed the professor intotelling them what he knew about the elusive silphion.Silphion was, in fact, a giant fennel that grew in a small region of the Cyrenaica. Its abortifacient properties were wellknownas early as the fifth century BC viz. Herodotus. Silphion was widely used all over the Mediterranean for that87
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Table of Contents1. My Grandfather'
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1.My Grandfather's Watch among the
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ditch beside the road.Mother was tr
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Deep snow still covered Djvari Pass
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"But you know nothing about how to
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newborn baby! You won’t need a ba
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Dadiani bent over the table, reache
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Autumn had come to Georgia, and it
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"Gespenstisch!" whispered Mouravi t
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Finally, depressed by his inability
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They slowly rode up the hill north
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On their way back to the Lavra Alex
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Blushing like a young girl, she gav
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Alexandra bowed deeply to a middle-
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All applauded and Ilia made a small
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She had done her hair up in a new w
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equisitioned a locomotive to take t
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meaningless rituals. That may be on
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lacking. I like this man, and at th
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are suitably ambiguous."45.The Dadi
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think of Munich or something else p
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He showed them the room where they
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death."Alexandra was more intereste
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they fought over the offering. The
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flew off cawing.Claudia grabbed Ale
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Together they were hedging out a pl
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the right of women to own their bod
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The Chinese wife of a sinologist at
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these texts."However, Ch'an is the
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times, but moved back together agai
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survived the Bolsheviks, the Fascis
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physically overwhelm her. Despite h
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Konrad picked up Alexandra at the t
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Abruptly her vision had narrowed, a
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the Kwadjagani, the Masters of Wisd
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somewhat, his back was still bent,
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century. The characteristic Chinese
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Alexandra was relieved and happy, a
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subconscious past her observant min
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Dahl leaned back in surprise. "This
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visions reappear. Entire armies mar
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"This method is not easy, I have ne
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He had started with representationa
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His hair had turned completely whit
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Overnight the mood in St. Petersbur
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daughter. His wife had left him no
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which was presented to him—with a
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"From the soldiers whom I took care
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He watched Alexandra’s doubting m
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lond, bony girl whose gray eyes loo
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call it intellectual humanism. It d
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time I asked this question I had me
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"I spent most of the winter of 1918
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We buried him in the cemetery at G
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ways. Corruption became the way of
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68.A Concert in Kreuth - Eliso1989I
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Eliso listened with increasing fasc