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sufficient detail to permit computer testing and evaluation. Detailed feasibilitystudies would be required for ail selected projects prior to design and construction.6.10.16 Although currently committed highway projects are expected to absorb availablefunding until at least 1992, detailed planning and design of new projects shouldcommence immediately.116
7. OF7.1 introduction7.1.1 Over the last ten years, travel in the Territory has been transformed by the openingof the Mass Transit Railway, (MTR), the modernisation of the Kowloon-CantonRailway (KCR) and, most recently, by the opening of the Light Rail Transit (LRT)system linking Tuen Mun and Yuen Long. Between them, these rail systems nowcarry over 25% of all public transport passengers who formerly were almost totallydependent on bus or ferry. The patronage of the rail system continues to grow andsome sections are now under heavy pressure during the critical peak hour periods.This chapter examines the case for new rail lines to alleviate this congestion and tofurther extend passenger rail services.7.1.2 Although purely local freight movements are too short to benefit from rail services,railways do have a role in carrying international freight to and from China. Analysisof international rail freight services is highly specialised and was not included as partof the CTS-2 Study. However, proposals for new freight rail lines were examined fortheir potential to permit passenger services.7.2 The Existing Railway System7.2.1 Figure 7.1 shows the various lines which make up the existing railway system. Thefive rail systems operating in the Territory are, in order of age:The Peak Tramway (1 888)Hongkong Tramways (1904)The Kowioon-Canton Railway (1910)The Mass Transit Railway (1979)The North-west Railway (1988)7.2.2 System characteristics are briefly summarised in Table 7.1. Past traffic growth, asdiscussed in Chapter 5, and CTS-2 traffic projections are illustrated in Figure 7.2.This projections assume no new rail projects in addition to the currently committedEastern Harbour Crossing and the Regional LRT system in NWNT and exclude thelow volumes carried by the Peak Tram. Projected growth in rail patronage is strong,which continues the recent trends in the growth of rail passenger transport. This canbe attributed to several factors but the most important are:(1) a projected strong growth in personal incomes averaging over 5% per year inreal terms over the projection period results in higher travel demand and makesrail services affordable for an increasing proportion of the population(2) the rate of increase of bus fares is likely to be faster than rail fares, due toincreased labour costs having greater impact on the more labour intensive busoperations(3) the reliability and comfort of the rail mode and its relatively shorter journey timethan buses7.2.3 Only the MTR, KCR and LRT are considered in this chapter.Kowloon-Canton Railway (KCR)7.2.4 The Kowloon-Canton Railway (KCR) was constructed in 1910 as a single track lineserving freight and passengers. Until 1975, the Kowloon terminus was located nextto the Star Ferry but it was moved in that year to the current terminus at Hung Horn.By the late 1970s, daily patronage within the Territory was running at about 40 000passengers per day.117
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THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONGLIBRARIE
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EPPrinted and Published by the Gove
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CONTENTSPage6. OF 966.1 Introductio
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Page3.1 Licensed Vehicles 1976-1988
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FIGURES_Page1.1 Special Character o
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Page1.1 Second Comprehensive Transp
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TRANSPORTPER UNIT OF GDPCars Per Th
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KCR Double Tracking &\ Electrificat
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1.2 The Second Comprehensive Transp
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1.2.17 The way in which these recla
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ANNEX1.1Terms of Reference(1) To pr
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2.2.1 introduction2.1.1 This chapte
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2.2: OF THEPROJECTS AND POLICIESFOR
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Transport Networks2.5.2 Description
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2.6.11 Operational Evaluation—The
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3.1GO OLicensed Vehicle Fleets (a]P
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Table 3.3 VEHICLE(Dollars per year)
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3.2.7 The car and motorcycle fleet
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3.2.14 The non-van goods vehicle fl
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3.2.23 Use of Light Vans as Private
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3.3 Road Usage and Road Constructio
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FIGURE 3.11:TRAFFIC IN URBAN HONG K
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FIGURE 3.14:TRAFFIC IN THE NEW TERR
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Table 3.6 CROSS HARBOUR TUNNEL TOLL
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3.5 Public Transport Patronage3.5.1
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3.5.4 The growth in rail transport
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taxi productivity. The average paid
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4.4.1 introduction4.1.1 Demand for
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Table 4.2DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
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AreaTable 4.4Hong Kong islandKowioo
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4.2.14 An additional 425 000 jobs i
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4.3(1986-2001)Growth Over 1988Perio
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included in the financial costs. Pe
Page 68 and 69: 4.5 International Traffic4.5.1 Proj
Page 70 and 71: Cross Border Rail Passenger Traffic
Page 72 and 73: Table 4.17IN(1971-1989)HighwayPrice
Page 74 and 75: contribution of Government equity t
Page 76 and 77: 5. FORECASTS OF THE TRANSPORT SCENE
Page 78 and 79: FIGURE 5.2:PROJECTED DAILY TRIP MAK
Page 80 and 81: FIGURE 5.3: 1986 GENERATIONS AND AT
Page 82 and 83: FIGURE 5.5: PERSON TRAVEL DEMAND(CO
Page 84 and 85: Table 5.4PROJECTIONS OF DAILY TRIP
Page 86 and 87: Table 5.5 SCHEDULED PUBLIC BY(thous
Page 88 and 89: • FANLING/SHEUNG SHUIRMA ON SHANH
Page 90 and 91: Cars and taxis 1.00Minibus/Special
Page 92 and 93: LEGEND V/C Ratio Range• 1.1 - 1.2
Page 94 and 95: •Vf'rLEGEND V/C Ratio Range> 1.1
Page 96 and 97: FIGURE 5.13:TRAFFIC SPEEDS BY ROAD
Page 98 and 99: 6. OF6.1 Introduction6.1.1 This cha
Page 100 and 101: LEGENDMajor Committed Road ProjectK
Page 102 and 103: LEGENDCandidate Road ProjectKowloon
Page 104 and 105: A V/C ratio of 1.0 or less indicate
Page 106 and 107: Table 6.3 SUMMARY OF HIGHWAY PORJEC
Page 108 and 109: 6.5.1 2 The traffic implications of
Page 110 and 111: 6.5.27 it is estimated that traffic
Page 112 and 113: 6.7 and Airport Tunnel6.7.1 The Hun
Page 114 and 115: 6.9.5 Conclusions— This is likely
Page 116 and 117: 6.4(1988 Prices)ProjectLocFinancial
Page 120 and 121: LEGENDMTR £_EHC LRT(under vL} cons
Page 122 and 123: 7.1Peak TramHong KongTramwaysKowloo
Page 124 and 125: MTR/KCR Interchange7.2.14 A key tra
Page 126 and 127: day, particularly in the peak hour.
Page 128 and 129: Impacts on Urban Development7.3.28
Page 130 and 131: 7.4.2 The East Kowloon Line would s
Page 132 and 133: 7.4.1 2 Both the financial return a
Page 134 and 135: 7.5.17 Patronage and economic resul
Page 136 and 137: Rail Operations7.6.15 Two proposals
Page 138 and 139: passenger services. Also, while lig
Page 140 and 141: .S.Bi ne economic evaluation or tne
Page 142 and 143: Conclusions7.9.15 At the projected
Page 144 and 145: 7.11.4 With an extension to Star Fe
Page 146 and 147: 7.13.7 It is estimated that the LRT
Page 148 and 149: Conclusions7.14.13 Both harbour cro
Page 150 and 151: 7.15.14 Financial support for the n
Page 152 and 153: FIGURE 8.1: PASSENGER TRANSPORT BY
Page 154 and 155: Railways8.2.6 Rail services began t
Page 156 and 157: Table 8.2PROJECTED DEMAND FOR SCHED
Page 158 and 159: FANLING/SHEUNG SHUIYUENLONGMA ON SH
Page 160 and 161: severe on the MTR island Line where
Page 162 and 163: 8.4.10 The KCR main Sine is expecte
Page 164 and 165: Cross Harbour Bus Operations8.5.9 T
Page 166 and 167: 8.7.3 In the New Territories, the r
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ail corridor is now operating at fu
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urban area, the short term means of
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(2) More vehicles are required to d
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are classified under Vehicle Owners
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9.5.5 Supplementary Licences—Thes
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9.5.19 Controls are required on bot
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Park and Hide9.6.4 This policy prom
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Alternative Scenarios for the Evalu
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9.7.18 Thus although the Centra! ec
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9.3 INNumber of vehs (thous)CarsTax
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Table 9.4ON(Increases in goods vehi
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9.11.3 The specific scheme chosen w
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Table 9.5(Similar to Scheme B inves
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traffic assessments. If the increas
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10 ON10.1 Introduction10.1.1 This c
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10.2.9 There are clearly some possi
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Railway Funding10.3.11 An expenditu
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Private Car Controls10.5.9 It is re
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c:,LEGEND V/C Ratio Range1.1 - 1.2>
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10.6.4 Several roads are projected
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o1991 Committed1996 Recommended Str
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operation and operator. Much depend
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ANNEX 10.1PROJECTIONS OF THE VEHICL
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ANNEX 10.4BY(thousand vehicles per
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TOC
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