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7.1Peak TramHong KongTramwaysKowloon-CantonRailway (KCR)Mass TransitRailway (MTR)Light RailTransit (LRT)System length (km)1.416.334.038.623.4Track gauge15241067143514321435ElectrificationElectrically poweredcable railway500VOverhead25KvACOverhead1 500V DCOverhead750V DCOverheadRolling stock:Number/configurationPassenger capacity 1Routes operatedAdult fareAverage daily Passengers carried3 single-deck cars72 per carCentral to The Peak$5.00-6.0070001 63 double-deck trams1 39 per car6 routes betweenShau Kei Wan andKennedy Town$0.60360 000703-carEMUs290 per car 2Hung Horn to Lo Wu$2.00-$1 7.50422 000622 cars in 8-car trains375 per car 2Tsuen Wan to CentralKwun Tong to Yau Ma TeiChai Wan to Sheung Wan$2.50-$6.001 721 00070 cars230 per car 22 within Tuen Mun3 between Tuen Munand Yuen Long$1 .50-$2.401 59 000 31 Crush capacity-2 Based on current seating capacity and allowing standees at a density of about 7 per square metre3 LRT started operation in September 1988 and carried 159 000 passengers daily in December 1988
7.2.5 in order to better serve the developing new towns of the. North East NewTerritories—-Sha Tin, Tai Po, Sheung Shui and Fanling, a decision was made in 1 978tc5nrfocrBIeTrack and electrify the Sine. The Kowloon-Canton"'Raiiway Corporation(KCRC) was formed in 1983 to take over the operation of the line from Government.The first electric trains ran in 1982 and daily patronage has since increased ten-foldfrom pre-electrification levels to about 400 000 passengers per day in 1 988.7.2.6 Patronage is expected to continue to increase as the population growth of the NewTerritories continues, doubling the 1986 volumes by the end of the century. Withadditional rolling stock and improved signalling, these line volumes are manageable,although platform access at some stations would need improvement. Several railprojects were considered by CTS-2 to extend KCR passenger services; these arediscussed later in this chapter.Mass Transit Railway (MTR)7.2.7 Construction of the MTR started in 1975 based on plans initially proposed in the late1960s. The first line between Kwun Tong in Kowioon and Central on Hong KongIsland was opened in stages between October 1979 and February 1980. Two furtherlines have since been opened: the Tsuen Wan Line in 1982 and the Hong KongIsland Line in 1985 (extended in 1986). The Kwun Tong line is currently beingextended across the harbour to Quarry Bay as part of the Eastern Harbour Crossingand is due to open in 1 989.7.2.8 The MTR currently carries some 1.8 million passengers per day and growthcontinues to be strong. Demand is particularly high in the morning and evening peakhours when the Nathan Road Corridor section of the Tsuen Wan Line reaches itscapacity, it is expected that the opening of the Eastern Harbour Crossing willalleviate the overloading problem for a while but traffic in that corridor is expected toreturn to the current levels in the early 1990s. CTS-2 examined several projects toextend the MTR and to provide additional capacity in the urban areas; these arediscussed later in this chapter.7.2.9 If no new lines are built to relieve congestion, management measures to regulatedemand during the peak periods may have to be considered. Also, fare adjustmentscould be made to encourage maximum use of the Eastern Harbour Crossing. Thesesubjects are discussed in greater detail in Chapter 8.Light Rail Transit (LR T)7.2.10 The North-west Railway, known more familiarly as the LRT (Light Rail Transit), isthe most recent addition to the rail services, opening in September 1988. it isoperated by KCRC within a defined Transit Service Area (TSA) linking the two newtowns of Tuen Mun and Yuen Long and providing services within those towns.Communities within the TSA located away from the tracks are served by feederbuses to the LRT, also operated by KCRC and by minibus and taxi services.7.2.11 The 23 kilometre system has been built entirely at-grade, mostly in separate roadsidereservations but with some street running in housing estates. Stops are relativelyclosely spaced (at about every 580 metres) and journey speeds averaged 20 km/hon opening.7.2.12 The LRT patronage has increased steadily since opening, but it is too early tocomment on the overall performance. Extensions are planned within the TransitService Area, in particular linking in the New Town of Tin Shui Wai and the newhousing estates to the south-east of Tuen Mun. The complete LRT system isexpected to carry over 500 QQCtpassengers per day by 2001, compared with about160 000 at the end of f98a , ' ~ "7.2.13 CTS-2 did not examine any further additions to the LRT within the existing TransitService Area but did examine possibilities for linking the LRT to the main urban areaas well as the potential for LRT services in other parts of the Territory. These arediscussed later in this Chapter.121
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THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONGLIBRARIE
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EPPrinted and Published by the Gove
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CONTENTSPage6. OF 966.1 Introductio
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Page3.1 Licensed Vehicles 1976-1988
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FIGURES_Page1.1 Special Character o
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Page1.1 Second Comprehensive Transp
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TRANSPORTPER UNIT OF GDPCars Per Th
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KCR Double Tracking &\ Electrificat
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1.2 The Second Comprehensive Transp
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1.2.17 The way in which these recla
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ANNEX1.1Terms of Reference(1) To pr
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2.2.1 introduction2.1.1 This chapte
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2.2: OF THEPROJECTS AND POLICIESFOR
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Transport Networks2.5.2 Description
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2.6.11 Operational Evaluation—The
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3.1GO OLicensed Vehicle Fleets (a]P
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Table 3.3 VEHICLE(Dollars per year)
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3.2.7 The car and motorcycle fleet
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3.2.14 The non-van goods vehicle fl
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3.2.23 Use of Light Vans as Private
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3.3 Road Usage and Road Constructio
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FIGURE 3.11:TRAFFIC IN URBAN HONG K
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FIGURE 3.14:TRAFFIC IN THE NEW TERR
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Table 3.6 CROSS HARBOUR TUNNEL TOLL
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3.5 Public Transport Patronage3.5.1
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3.5.4 The growth in rail transport
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taxi productivity. The average paid
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4.4.1 introduction4.1.1 Demand for
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Table 4.2DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
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AreaTable 4.4Hong Kong islandKowioo
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4.2.14 An additional 425 000 jobs i
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4.3(1986-2001)Growth Over 1988Perio
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included in the financial costs. Pe
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4.5 International Traffic4.5.1 Proj
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Cross Border Rail Passenger Traffic
Page 72 and 73: Table 4.17IN(1971-1989)HighwayPrice
Page 74 and 75: contribution of Government equity t
Page 76 and 77: 5. FORECASTS OF THE TRANSPORT SCENE
Page 78 and 79: FIGURE 5.2:PROJECTED DAILY TRIP MAK
Page 80 and 81: FIGURE 5.3: 1986 GENERATIONS AND AT
Page 82 and 83: FIGURE 5.5: PERSON TRAVEL DEMAND(CO
Page 84 and 85: Table 5.4PROJECTIONS OF DAILY TRIP
Page 86 and 87: Table 5.5 SCHEDULED PUBLIC BY(thous
Page 88 and 89: • FANLING/SHEUNG SHUIRMA ON SHANH
Page 90 and 91: Cars and taxis 1.00Minibus/Special
Page 92 and 93: LEGEND V/C Ratio Range• 1.1 - 1.2
Page 94 and 95: •Vf'rLEGEND V/C Ratio Range> 1.1
Page 96 and 97: FIGURE 5.13:TRAFFIC SPEEDS BY ROAD
Page 98 and 99: 6. OF6.1 Introduction6.1.1 This cha
Page 100 and 101: LEGENDMajor Committed Road ProjectK
Page 102 and 103: LEGENDCandidate Road ProjectKowloon
Page 104 and 105: A V/C ratio of 1.0 or less indicate
Page 106 and 107: Table 6.3 SUMMARY OF HIGHWAY PORJEC
Page 108 and 109: 6.5.1 2 The traffic implications of
Page 110 and 111: 6.5.27 it is estimated that traffic
Page 112 and 113: 6.7 and Airport Tunnel6.7.1 The Hun
Page 114 and 115: 6.9.5 Conclusions— This is likely
Page 116 and 117: 6.4(1988 Prices)ProjectLocFinancial
Page 118 and 119: sufficient detail to permit compute
Page 120 and 121: LEGENDMTR £_EHC LRT(under vL} cons
Page 124 and 125: MTR/KCR Interchange7.2.14 A key tra
Page 126 and 127: day, particularly in the peak hour.
Page 128 and 129: Impacts on Urban Development7.3.28
Page 130 and 131: 7.4.2 The East Kowloon Line would s
Page 132 and 133: 7.4.1 2 Both the financial return a
Page 134 and 135: 7.5.17 Patronage and economic resul
Page 136 and 137: Rail Operations7.6.15 Two proposals
Page 138 and 139: passenger services. Also, while lig
Page 140 and 141: .S.Bi ne economic evaluation or tne
Page 142 and 143: Conclusions7.9.15 At the projected
Page 144 and 145: 7.11.4 With an extension to Star Fe
Page 146 and 147: 7.13.7 It is estimated that the LRT
Page 148 and 149: Conclusions7.14.13 Both harbour cro
Page 150 and 151: 7.15.14 Financial support for the n
Page 152 and 153: FIGURE 8.1: PASSENGER TRANSPORT BY
Page 154 and 155: Railways8.2.6 Rail services began t
Page 156 and 157: Table 8.2PROJECTED DEMAND FOR SCHED
Page 158 and 159: FANLING/SHEUNG SHUIYUENLONGMA ON SH
Page 160 and 161: severe on the MTR island Line where
Page 162 and 163: 8.4.10 The KCR main Sine is expecte
Page 164 and 165: Cross Harbour Bus Operations8.5.9 T
Page 166 and 167: 8.7.3 In the New Territories, the r
Page 168 and 169: ail corridor is now operating at fu
Page 170 and 171: urban area, the short term means of
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(2) More vehicles are required to d
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are classified under Vehicle Owners
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9.5.5 Supplementary Licences—Thes
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9.5.19 Controls are required on bot
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Park and Hide9.6.4 This policy prom
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Alternative Scenarios for the Evalu
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9.7.18 Thus although the Centra! ec
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9.3 INNumber of vehs (thous)CarsTax
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Table 9.4ON(Increases in goods vehi
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9.11.3 The specific scheme chosen w
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Table 9.5(Similar to Scheme B inves
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traffic assessments. If the increas
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10 ON10.1 Introduction10.1.1 This c
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10.2.9 There are clearly some possi
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Railway Funding10.3.11 An expenditu
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Private Car Controls10.5.9 It is re
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c:,LEGEND V/C Ratio Range1.1 - 1.2>
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10.6.4 Several roads are projected
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o1991 Committed1996 Recommended Str
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operation and operator. Much depend
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ANNEX 10.1PROJECTIONS OF THE VEHICL
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ANNEX 10.4BY(thousand vehicles per
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TOC
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