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traffic congestion on bus operations. Since bus and minibus transport together carryabout half of all public transport passengers, the need to prevent traffic congestionfrom getting out of control is apparent.9.2.8 Other adverse impacts of traffic congestion can be noted, including loss of efficiencyin the goods transport system which depends on trucks, including the impact onindustry generally, and the difficulties posed to other essential road users such asemergency and police services.9.2.9 If traffic levels are to be kept below congestion levels, priorities must be set for roadusers. Since there is no way for motorists to establish priorities among themselves,the only way to avoid inefficiencies in the usage of the transport system is forGovernment to intervene and impose a regime based on economic and otherconsiderations.9.2.10 Clearly the objective of any demand management policies to control traffic would beto make more efficient use of the scarce road space, which can be assessed primarilyon the basis of the economic benefits of the various options to the community.However, the evaluation of options needs to take into account other aspectsincluding effectiveness, ease of administration, flexibility and acceptability.9.3 A Review of Available Options9.3.1 Available policy options for managing transport demand are listed in Figure 9.1 andgrouped into three main classes. One set of options attempts to deal with theproblem at source and discourage or limit the ownership of vehicles. These options9.1: OFI1I 11I1USE 1I1)AREA.PRICINQFUEL-TAX";-TOLLS ./8TAQQEREDmnK.ANDVEH9CLEL SHARINGL STANDARDS ANDCLASSIFICATION-CONTROLSACCESSCONTROLSBUS.PLANNED• DELAYSOPERATING• PERMITS171