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4.4.2 Cost components were analysed in three classes; material, labour, and fuel. Materialand fuel costs were assumed to remain constant in 1986 prices. Thus increases invehicle costs were assumed to be caused solely by real increases in the labour costcomponent of drivers and maintenance.4.4.3 Operating costs depend on vehicle speed; in very high congestion and low speeds,operating costs per kilometre may be four times greater than costs of a typical urbanspeed of say 25km/h. Therefore costs were calculated at 14 speeds ranging from5km/h to 70km/h. Financial operating costs for 1 986 are shown in Figure 4.6.FIGURE 4.6:1986 VEHICLE OPERATING COSTSDollars Per KilometrePrivate CarTaxiGoods VehicleSpecial Purpose Bus5 10 15 20 26 30 35 40 45 50 56 80 65 704.4.4 The costs by type, vehicle class and year are shown in Table 4.10 for the averagebase year speed of 25km/h. The economic costs exclude tax elements which areTable 4.10 VEHICLE OPERATING COSTS AT 25 KM/H BY YEAREconomic1986199119962001Financial1986199119962001Perceived1986199119962001Operating Costs (7986 dollars per km)Car Taxi GV SPB1.952.012.072.143.273.273.333.400.650.650.650.651.722.142.533.001.942.372.763.232.142.613.033.554.735.856.888.125.236.567.388.635.236.367.388.632.503.083.433.433.213.674.094.593.544.044.505.0563