History of Protestantism in the Netherlands - James Aitken Wylie

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himself, or by the strength of his free-will, but needs for that purpose the grace of God. 4. That, seeing man cannot believe at first, nor continue to believe, without the aid of this cooperating grace, his good works are to be ascribed to the grace of God in Jesus Christ. 5. That the faithful have a sufficient strength, through the Divine grace, to resist all temptation, and finally to overcome it. As to the question whether those who have once believed to the saving of the soul can again fall away from faith, and lose the grace of God, the authors of the Remonstrance were not prepared to give any answer. It was a point, they said, that needed further examination; but the logical train of the previous propositions clearly pointed to the goal at which their views touching the "perseverance of the saints" must necessarily arrive; and accordingly, at a subsequent stage of the controversy, they declared, "That those who have a true faith may, nevertheless, fall by their 560
own fault, and lose faith wholly and for ever."[5] It is the first receding wave within the Protestant Church which we are now contemplating, and it is both instructive and curious to mark that the ebb from the Reformation began at what had been the starting-point of the Reform movement. We have remarked, at an early stage of our history, that the question touching the Will of man is the deepest in theology. Has the Fall left to man the power of willing and doing what is spiritually good? or has it deprived him of that power, and inflicted upon his will a moral inability? If we answer the first question affirmatively, and maintain that man still retains the power of willing and doing what is spiritually good, we advance a proposition from which, it might be argued, a whole system of Roman theology can be worked out. And if we answer the second question affirmatively, we lay a foundation from which, it might be contended on the other hand, a whole system of Protestant theology can be educed. Pursuing the one line of reasoning, if man still has the power of willing and doing actions 561
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HISTORY OF PROTESTANTISM IN THE NET
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and partly by a tremendous inundati
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The youth of these three tribes was
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and the Frank, the Netherlanders, f
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Northern Europe, and along the shor
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eminds us of the valor of the Swiss
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and been reduced to vassalage, had
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Chapter 2 Introduction of Protestan
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deference, and to the civil and cri
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with the seeds of Gospel truth. Hen
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the mop... Embrace the Cross and th
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the consequence of this was that th
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They were the clearing-house of the
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these were publicly read twice ever
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departing from the great towns; the
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Chapter 3 Antwerp: Its Confessors a
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The noise was caused by his townsme
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sold and delivered the Lord; but we
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and in July of the same year yet an
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otherwise contravened the former ed
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life and doctrine into greater acco
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It was an aggravation of these edic
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interpretation which he is said to
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hat, with flaps like a fool's cap.
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11. Brandt, vol. 1., pp. 57, 58. 12
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which the greatest monarch, of his
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voyages by sea; he had fought four
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mounted on thin legs. Nature had no
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eard. His service in camps has bron
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colourless almost as the marble. Th
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Chapter 5 Philip Arranges the Gover
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egan straightway to blaze. The fire
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established a court in Flanders tha
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intensified the alarm and anger of
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four to seventeen. This was a formi
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classes. The hierarchy had been sud
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day. Discontent was ripening into r
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ut as he could not speak the tongue
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would withdraw the Spanish troops,
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efore the convention broke up. A fo
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skillful and industrious subjects o
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Chapter 6 Storms in the Council, an
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uled the Netherlands. Margaret had
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which had been constructed for carr
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as the Stadtholders of important Pr
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continued in force Philip must have
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unless he gave rigorous execution t
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conspicuous monster, Peter Titleman
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opening, and I see ten hundred thou
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to the inquisitors he said, "Ask me
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gave me my bellyful of victuals." W
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thereafter they were conducted to t
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that broke the power of Spain, and
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promising to rescue them should an
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y his agents. The bickerings still
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idiculed him in their farces, laugh
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the members of Council, but less ob
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spreading. The three seigniors wrot
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since permitted this somewhat compl
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of sinners by faith alone, on the r
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did not enter into their minds that
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ut I contend for the liberty of ado
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jurisdiction, that fairly interpret
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Reformer of Geneva, and permitting
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Chapter 8 The Rising Storm THE card
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Waxing yet bolder, at a meeting of
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entirely subservient to the regent.
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might accord them some freedom in m
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now in use did not serve their end,
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delivered over the inhabitants of t
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y remonstrances and outcries from t
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the "most Catholic king." The plea
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could not have been more astounded
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Europe. Should Philip succeed in so
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very great sum; the said Lord of Gu
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Footnotes: 1. Brandt, vol. 1., p. 1
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Tully, De Legibus, in his youth, th
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Inquisition, "that most pernicious
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one to whom she could safely entrus
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Confederacy were now hurling agains
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for all those in the Netherlands wh
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mouth the first verse of the twenty
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Chapter 10 The Field-preachings THE
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Oudenard. "This man," says a Popish
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emained for the same space of time,
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of the authorities had broken out,
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Grange was this day to occupy the p
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was childless. He had been a monk,
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eloquent preachers and erudite divi
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of the forenoon; the excitement on
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lightning-power of his words held h
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asked them whether they would suppo
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Footnotes: 1. Laval, vol. 3., p. 14
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afterwards see, chose to consider t
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complete success. As they marched o
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destroying host the words of the pr
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the pencil. The crowning glory of A
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device which they thought would gui
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within the walls of Antwerp, having
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their own exit, locking the great d
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only, it extended to the other chur
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or that others fed their eyes with
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the taking away and destroying of i
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the clergy in many cases were relie
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Nor can the destruction of these im
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grand disruptions of the bonds of a
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18. Motley, 1., 282. 19. Hooft, lib
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see that the Reformed did not come
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great weight of his personal charac
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ead one way in Brussels, it was mad
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the Inquisition abolished, as the k
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of the inhabitants of that importan
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dispensing the Sacraments. Garrison
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and Noircarmes now commenced to bom
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cheerfully to meet it as if they ha
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igotry had made hard as the nether
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whose very symbols it had so recent
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Chapter 13 The Council of Blood "WH
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Dendermonde, in order to concert th
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of the persecutors to apprehend and
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fellowship:[3] they were sisters ev
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quenched the fire of his spirit. In
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of the mountains to Savoy. Continui
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delay, opened his career of tyranny
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now made compelled 20,000 more to f
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said or thought that the Tribunal o
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All was now ready; Alva had erected
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disappoint the expectations of the
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should aid any subject of the Nethe
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6. Strada, bk. 6., p. 30. Le Clerq,
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were confiscated, and sentence of b
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His first care was to raise the nec
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for the war to be waged for these o
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us march," said Aremberg, his anger
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were now come. They had lain nine m
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was covered with black cloth; ninet
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The dismal tragedy ended, Alva was
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Chapter 15 Failure of William's Fir
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way of paying it, for when the effe
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women were being every day hanged -
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spoken in circumstances so awful, a
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hope of his country -- when he avow
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ecame mutinous, and the prince had
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enacted.[6] It was in the midst of
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4. Brandt, vol. 1., p. 275. 5. Ibid
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him only the more intolerant and fi
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that one-half their value had passe
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The carrying out of this order nece
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escape; but unhappily the burgomast
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might whisper a few words of encour
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the defense of the Reformed religio
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whom William himself should grant c
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opened her harbours to Flemish pira
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fighting with the inhabitants about
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Spaniards. Bossu led his troops tow
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(April 12th), the Lord's Supper was
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thorn out of his foot," the conflag
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we find their great leader remindin
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themselves as at one with the princ
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Chapter 17 William's Second Campaig
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of 16,000 ducats. Tirlemont, Termon
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were watering with their blood and
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the gallows; murder and spoliation
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Antwerp, to be converted into money
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eduction of the revolted towns in t
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espected an oath nor spared an enem
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Holland should be waging its great
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with a salutary terror of his arms,
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Chapter 18 The Siege of Haarlem BOT
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emboldened to do soldiers' duty at
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ditch and deliver the assault. Gree
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label affixed: -- "The tax of the t
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implements, mixed horribly with the
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mangled and mutilated bodies. The S
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defend their city. Meanwhile they g
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neither men nor provisions could no
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expedition William wished to conduc
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would be spared and all in it pardo
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the amnesty were, of course, execut
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triumph of his cause; and without a
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4. Hooft, 7. 293. 5. Ibid. 6. Thaun
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population divided between the prin
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storm. They advanced. in overwhelmi
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afternoon; it was now seven o'clock
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efore the ocean. The humiliations o
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de Medina Coeli, governor in his ro
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eginning that the policy of Alva ha
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celebration in private of the Romis
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deprivation of his civil rights on
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ight to repel it by the sword; if i
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collected, a fleet of seventy-five
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uilt such great hopes. When the sec
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Spaniards that they feared to do so
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felt all the more at this moment, s
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een done, and their achievements ac
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were sinking with their crews, and
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time of the siege the city had a nu
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he found it so hard to win by the s
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Chapter 21 The Siege of Leyden FOR
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Putting their spades into the great
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meet, but they never dreamt of havi
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famine, nor pestilence, nor death a
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everywhere without success. The Zea
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their torches and lanterns, they fl
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wind shifted into the north-east, a
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Spaniard was still in the land, and
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to obtain from the justice of Phili
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Jesus."[2] A few guides well acquai
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Duyveland. So far this most extraor
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had not a single guelden to send th
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pleasure. The State Council, into w
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the citadel, with its garrison. The
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were struggling in the area below.
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een the gayest and wealthiest upon
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which is at once the consequence an
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Footnotes: 1. Brandt, vol. 1., pp.
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to all offices; he disposed of all
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just as the Popish Powers had been
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Medici-Valois house that ruled that
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of the devil;" whilst another Luthe
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honor of a common country, and to e
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Provinces were to be finally regula
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Batavin Republic, placed them on th
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crept in along with the new territo
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Utrecht," which, without dissolving
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such lofty spirits as William, and
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he found himself in possession of t
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This was the third time that libert
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his country. He accepted Matthias,
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considerable army from the neighbor
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who has taken up arms against him,
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conveyed to the river's edge, the m
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Prince of Orange in Brussels, and t
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the Provinces, and possibly the dis
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and Zealand, where the Popish worsh
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eceived an augmentation of strength
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2. Brandt, vol. 1., p. 333 3. Benti
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Chapter 25 Abjuration of Philip, an
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Provinces, and restore the supremac
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States of Holland, Zealand, Utrecht
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those that shed their brilliance on
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to this proposal. They would agree
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of his debts, the restitution of hi
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and make him a mark for all the mur
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not of one nor of a few of those li
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This Apology was read in a meeting
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deposed, especially by virtue of th
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so awful and protracted a combat; i
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Chapter 26 Assassination of William
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Medici. The Duke of Anjou, the elec
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Brabant and Flanders came to the Pr
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ear on this narrow and obscure thea
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him in his hours of darkness and so
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and insignificant exterior, had tha
Page 509 and 510: three balls, one of which passed th
Page 511 and 512: straight on through all the intrica
Page 513 and 514: which there is a copy in the Royal
Page 515 and 516: Scriptures are being searched; it i
Page 517 and 518: that threatened speedily to make th
Page 519 and 520: into one channel, and forms hencefo
Page 521 and 522: principal kinds: 1. That of Pastors
Page 523 and 524: objections have been offered -- at
Page 525 and 526: leprosy quickly extends to the Stat
Page 527 and 528: They were to be selected from their
Page 529 and 530: government of the country. But in t
Page 531 and 532: duty, they said, was "to hinder tho
Page 533 and 534: acknowledgement. Nevertheless, he r
Page 535 and 536: estored; there was still war betwee
Page 537 and 538: latter is regulated by law. The Pop
Page 539 and 540: Roman Catholic Provinces -- in all
Page 541 and 542: This state of matters led to the ad
Page 543 and 544: substitute for worship, or which it
Page 545 and 546: statues some springs had been found
Page 547 and 548: Chapter 29 The Synod of Dort WILLIA
Page 549 and 550: panic were over, the spirit of the
Page 551 and 552: The infant States next repaired to
Page 553 and 554: accomplish nothing. His prudence fa
Page 555 and 556: industry and manufacturing skill wh
Page 557 and 558: made this attempt. There have been
Page 559: After his death, his disciple Simon
Page 563 and 564: Carlstadt and Luther on the other,
Page 565 and 566: the State, strove to put an end to
Page 567 and 568: Carleton, Bishop of Llandaff; Josep
Page 569 and 570: time, that himself and his brethren
Page 571 and 572: it had been held by the first Refor
Page 573 and 574: into deep and hidden things; it was
Page 575 and 576: engenders, made their homes bright
Page 577 and 578: the States, after asserting their o
Page 579 and 580: upon that colossal fabric which for
Page 581 and 582: that his own prestige as a soldier
Page 583 and 584: example that they will take care to
Page 585 and 586: And with every increase of their po
Page 587 and 588: Peninsula, whereas in the Southern
Page 589: Footnotes: 1. Muller, Universal His
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