Four degrees and beyond: the potential for a global ... - Amper

[89,94,95]
further acidification by up to 0.07 pH units;
some damage to marine ecosystems
oceans further mean acidification by 0.26 pH units (in addition
to the present-day change of 0.1 units); risk of
disruption to marine ecosystems; risk of localized
ocean anoxia
extreme 50% flood-prone people exposed to increased hazard; 25% flood-prone people exposed to increased hazard; [27,96]
weather flood-affected population rises to 544 million annually flood-affected population rises to 211 million
(as defined by those experiencing a present-day 1 in annually
100 year flood)
human health health hazards increasingly difficult to control hazards reduced [51]
Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A (2011)
Downloaded from
rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org on November 30, 2010
Review. Interactions in a 4 ◦ C world 225
[32,52,77,89,
93,98,99]
much reduced risk of loss of terrestrial
carbon sink; Amazon likely to remain
largely intact
loss of terrestrial carbon sink and hence large-scale loss
of forests via dessication and fire (potentially
including up to 50% Amazon (excluding
deforestation) and uncertain fraction of boreal forest)
impacts of
feedback
processes in
the Earth
system