PDF / 53,9 MB - Bundesforschungsanstalt für Forst- und Holzwirtschaft

erstattung in Deutschland zu erarbeiten. Die Hauptziele des Projektes
sind: 1. die Emissionsberichterstattung unter der Klimarahmenkonvention
zu verbessern, 2. die Kohlenstoffvorräte in
landwirtschaftlich genutzten Böden zu ermitteln, 3. den Einfluss
von Klima, Nutzung, Management und Bodeneigenschaften
besser zu verstehen und 4. die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels
auf die Bodenkohlenstoffvorräte zu prognostizieren. Darüber
hinaus geht das Projekt der Frage nach, welchen Einfluss der
Klimawandel auf Böden hat und welchen Beitrag die Landwirtschaft
zum Klimaschutz leisten kann.
Die Probenahme der BZE Landwirtschaft findet deutschlandweit
in einem feststehenden Punktnetz von 8 x 8 km statt. Dabei
werden 3109 Standorte auf landwirtschaftlichen Nutzflächen
(Ackerland, Grünland, Gartenland und Sonderkulturen) untersucht.
Als Grundlage dient das in einer Rasterweite von 2 x 2 km
vorliegende LUCAS-Raster des Statistischen Amtes der Europäischen
Union (eurostat). Durch Aggregation und Verschneidung
mit den Ziellandnutzungen Ackerland, Grünland, Gartenland
und Sonderkulturflächen aus dem aktuellen BasisDLM wurde
das Probenahmeraster zufallsbasiert erzeugt.
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Abb. 7: Probenahmepunkte der Bodenzustandserhebung Landwirtschaft
– Sampling points of the German Agricultural Soil Inventory
Die Geländemethodik wurde auf Grundlage des Verfahrens der
BZE Wald weiterentwickelt und um einen Fragebogen zu Betriebsstruktur-
und Bewirtschaftungsdaten der Aufnahmepunkte
ergänzt. An jedem Aufnahmepunkt der BZE Landwirtschaft wird
im Zentrum ein Bodenprofil gegraben, gemäß der Deutschen
Bodenkundlichen Kartieranleitung (5. Auflage) angesprochen
Bericht des Instituts für Agrarrelevante Klimaforschung (AK)
und horizont- und tiefenstufenweise beprobt. Darüber hinaus
findet in einem Radius von 10 m um den Mittelpunkt herum
eine volumenbezogene Probenahme mittels Rammkernsondierung
statt. Durch die Aufnahme dieser Satellitenpunkte soll die
kleinräumige Heterogenität von Böden und Bodeneigenschaften
erfasst und in die Modellierung einbezogen werden. Das Probenmaterial
wird im projekteigenen Labor auf dem Gelände
des vTI in Braunschweig auf seine bodenphysikalischen und
-chemischen Eigenschaften hin analysiert. Über die Bestimmung
der organischen Kohlenstoffkonzentration in der Bodenprobe
sowie der Ermittlung der Lagerungsdichte und der Berücksichtigung
des Skelettgehalts werden die Vorräte an organischem
Bodenkohlenstoff berechnet. Mittels geostatistischer Verfahren
und weiterer data mining-Ansätze findet eine Interpolation der
Daten in die Fläche statt, so dass am Ende der Kohlenstoffvorrat
in landwirtschaftlich genutzten Böden Deutschlands unter Berücksichtigung
eines quantifizierbaren Modellfehlers berichtet
werden kann.
Nach Abschluss umfangreicher Vorstudien und erfolgreicher
Methodenentwicklung im Verlauf des Jahres geht die BZE Landwirtschaft
Ende 2010 in die nächste Phase. Zahlreiche Kartierteams
werden in den kommenden 2,5 Jahren über 3000 Standorte
in ganz Deutschland aufnehmen. Nachdem im Frühjahr das
Projekt-Labor einsatzbereit sein wird, werden die ersten Zwischenergebnisse
der Kampagne 2010/2011 ab dem Spätsommer
2011 erwartet. Die Bestimmung der Bodenkohlenstoffvorräte
landwirtschaftlich genutzter Böden Deutschlands erfolgt bis
Ende 2013.
4 Klimaberichterstattung
4.1 Treibhausgasberichterstattung der Bundesrepublik
Deutschland zu Landwirtschaft, Landnutzung und Landnutzungsänderung
(außer Forst) – Reporting of greenhouse
gas emissions from agriculture, land use and land use change
(except forestry) for Germany
Annette Freibauer, Andreas Gensior, Hans-Dieter Haenel,
Andreas Laggner, Eike Poddey, Claus Rösemann
Deutschland hat sich im Rahmen der Klimarahmenkonvention
und des Kyoto-Protokolls verpflichtet, jährlich eine detaillierte
„Buchführung“ über Emissionen klimawirksamer Gase und über
die seit 1990 ergriffenen Minderungsmaßnahmen vorzulegen.
Im Auftrag des BMELV hat vTI-AK die Federführung für die Inventare
zur Land- und Forstwirtschaft und bearbeitet die Bereiche
Landwirtschaft und Landnutzungsänderung. Der nationale
Inventarbericht, der jährlich an das Klimasekretariat der
Vereinten Nationen übermittelt wird, umfasst die Treibhausgase
(THG) Kohlendioxid (CO 2 ), Methan (CH 4 ) und Lachgas (N 2 O).
Die Emissionen von Methan waren 2009 um 20,4 % niedriger
als 1990, die von N 2 O um 13,4 % niedriger (Abb. 8). Die CO 2 -
Quellen und -Senken aus Acker und Grünland sind seit 1990
weitgehend konstant und werden von CO 2 -Emissionen aus landwirtschaftlich
genutzten, dränierten Moorböden unter Ackerund
Grünlandnutzung bestimmt.
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