Peak Oil Task Force Report - City of Bloomington - State of Indiana

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REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION: VMT & EQUITY Automobile Dependency A key index of oil dependency is car ownership. On average, in the United States, there are 755 motor vehicles per 1,000 people (the highest in the world until recently). 144 As with the rest of the nation, residents of Bloomington and Monroe County are highly reliant upon their personal vehicles. In Monroe County, there are approximately 672 vehicles per 1,000 people. 145 See Appendix IV. Vehicle Miles Travelled: Around the Earth 112 Times a Day Another indicator of our dependency is just how much we drive those cars. How much we drive is commonly measured by vehicle‐miles traveled (VMT). VMT is the total number of miles driven by all residential vehicles within a certain time period in a geographic area. VMT is influenced by population, the number of vehicles per household, the number of car trips per day, and the distances traveled. In 2003, Monroe County residents drove an estimated 2.8 million miles per day. 146 This distance is the equivalent of: • Driving one car from the US east coast to the west coast 933 times in one day. • Driving one car around the Earth at the equator 112 times in one day. • Driving one car from the Earth to the Moon 12 times in one day. 144 Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development. See, William Pentland, “The World’s Top Car‐ Owning Countries,” Forbes, July 30, 2008. 145 Based on 2000 U.S. Census figures. 146 Bloomington Environmental Commission, Bloomington Environmental Quality Indicators Report, http://bloomington.in.gov/documents/viewDocument.php?document_id=2987 Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil Task Force 114
The 2.8 million miles we drive each day translate into 22.8 miles per capita for Monroe County residents. While Monroe County VMT is lower than many other communities in Indiana, the figure is substantially higher than for comparable college communities such as Washtenaw County, MI (Ann Arbor) whose 11 VMT is roughly half that of Monroe County. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, approximately 67 percent of Bloomington workers commuted to work in single‐occupancy vehicles, 14.5 percent walked to work, 9.2 carpooled, 2.8 percent used public transportation, and 2.7 percent used bicycles. 147 These figures indicate a very heavy dependence on automobile transportation. Commuting Into and Out of Monroe County Monroe County is a net “importer” of workers. In 2007, a total of 84,468 people (both residents and commuters) worked in Monroe County. Of those, 15,859 (almost 19 percent) commuted into Monroe County from neighboring counties. These commuters predominantly reside in Owen, Green, and Lawrence Counties. 5,952 residents of Monroe County work in other counties. 148 147 2000 U.S. Census. 148 STATS Indiana, STATS Indiana Annual Commuting Trends Profile Based on Indiana IT40 Returns for Tax Year 2007 http://www.stats.indiana.edu/commtframe.html Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil Task Force 115
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Redefining Prosperity: Energy Desce
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This report is dedicated to Colin J
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Preface Our society is reaching a t
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Oil infuses just
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Transportation. Of all sectors, tra
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Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil
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The “Hubbert Curve.” Decades ag
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Other observers believe that peak o
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solutions 20 years before the peak
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What’s more, it is highly unlikel
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Biofuels Some believe that it will
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THE BLOOMINGTON PEAK OIL TASK FORCE
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ENDORSEMENT OF THE OIL DEPLETION PR
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NEXT STEPS This Report outlines a n
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THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT The enormous e
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Inflation and Volatility It will be
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Daily changes in the spot price of
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Daly writes: That was when I realiz
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instead of the old notion that “b
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Fuel Rationing As we collectively s
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES Follo
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• Local government should collabo
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transit and pedestrian and biking f
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On the other hand, there is probabl
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• all City traffic signals have b
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THIRSTY WATER: THE WATER SUPPLY Sin
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Water Treatment Treatment of water
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES A com
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2. Advocate a tiered pricing system
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4. Offer other efficiency incentive
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MEDIUMTERM (5‐15 years) 1. Expl
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WASTE DISPOSAL: THE DETRITUS OF CON
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89,582 tons of garbage in 2007. 84
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES SHORT
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MEDIUMTERM STRATEGIES (515 year
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Re‐establishing a local landfill
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2. Transition all backup generato
Page 76 and 77: POLICE, FIRE & OTHER EMERGENCY SERV
Page 78 and 79: 3. There is a potential for increas
Page 80 and 81: MEDIUMTERM (515 years) 1. The P
Page 82 and 83: OTHER EMERGENCY SERVICES Non‐rout
Page 84 and 85: FLEET & STREET: CARBON WEBS & ASPHA
Page 86 and 87: In an effort to save money, reduce
Page 88 and 89: MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES SHORT
Page 90 and 91: esidents who work from home, howeve
Page 92 and 93: MAINTAINING CITY STREETS Everything
Page 94 and 95: MEDIUM TERM (515 Years) 1. Reduce
Page 96 and 97: As summarized by Pat Murphy in Plan
Page 98 and 99: MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES SHORT
Page 100 and 101: Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil
Page 102 and 103: just to cover the cost of vehicle m
Page 104 and 105: REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION: PA
Page 108 and 109: About the Activity Nodes Project In
Page 110 and 111: MAP B: Population Density Report of
Page 112 and 113: Natural Neighborhoods One key step
Page 114 and 115: VULNERABILITIES 1. When it comes to
Page 116 and 117: 3. Include plans for peak oil in th
Page 118 and 119: MEDIUMTERM (515 years) 1. Trans
Page 120 and 121: Both the City of Bloomington and Mo
Page 122 and 123: 5. Build in physical separation buf
Page 128 and 129: Oil & Equity: The Impact of Fuel Co
Page 130 and 131: Fuel as Percentage of Income 100.00
Page 132 and 133: The Distance Factor The greater the
Page 134 and 135: Pedestrian Friendliness Just how
Page 136 and 137: MAP E: WalkScore Analysis of 55 Nat
Page 138 and 139: THE CURRENT SITUATION: PUBLIC TRANS
Page 140 and 141: Hoosier Bus Hoosier Bus is Indiana
Page 142 and 143: BT owns 42 conventional diesel buse
Page 144 and 145: MAP F: Walkability of Bloomington T
Page 146 and 147: 5. Intercity rail is not available.
Page 148 and 149: MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES In th
Page 150 and 151: 2. Develop a community cooperative
Page 152 and 153: The City should establish or encour
Page 154 and 155: 6. Update the LongRange Transport
Page 156 and 157: Make bike riding on major arterials
Page 158 and 159: 11. Seek greater public investment
Page 160 and 161: 13. Fully unify the BT and campus b
Page 162 and 163: 15. Establish public or private lon
Page 164 and 165: LONGTERM (1530 years) 1. Shrink
Page 166 and 167: REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION Hou
Page 168 and 169: Number of People per Square Foot Wh
Page 170 and 171: Local Incentives The community has
Page 172 and 173: VULNERABILITIES 1. Potential for po
Page 174 and 175: 5. Restrictive covenants on use of
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2. The community should explore the
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Granny flats In Bloomington, there
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7. Actively work to grow building e
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10. Educate and motivate citizens t
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SUSTENANCE: FOOD, WATER, WASTE & HE
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Indeed, it is estimated that the U.
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Local Food Production Efforts to pr
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The Current U.S. Diet Americans eat
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Regional Land and Population The pr
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Can Bloomington Feed Itself? Feedin
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population maintained health, while
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fertility inputs and yields of surp
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES: PLAN
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SHORTTERM STRATEGIES (15 Years)
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10. Train and deploy 300 new urban
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12. The City and other stakeholders
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23. Reserve open land for agricultu
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11. Establish a credible local fina
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Households can contribute significa
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4. Collect rainwater In addition to
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and paper. Sources include househol
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HEALTH CARE The implications of pea
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES: RE
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The Fourth Layer: Professional Care
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Opportunities for Citizen Action: W
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• Use power strips for your home
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State and utility residential renew
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CONCLUSION The peaking of productio
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GILBERT, Richard, and Anthony Perl.
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PIMENTEL, David, ed. Biofuels, Sola
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ENERGY WATCH GROUP. “Coal: Resour
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APPENDICES
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argued by Brown to dramatically dec
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In general, the trend has been for
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Unfortunately, stated coal R/P rati
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during World War I, then falling as
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Although the prevailing sense among
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The following projection of future
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asserted, “Consequently, our pres
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The following graph from the Associ
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APPENDIX IV Vehicle Ownership per P
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Stephanie Kimball is a former Profe
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Peak Oil Task Force Report - City of Bloomington - State of Indiana

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