Peak Oil Task Force Report - City of Bloomington - State of Indiana

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WASTE DISPOSAL: THE DETRITUS OF CONSUMPTION Waste is a systemic and inevitable aspect of our community. Yet, our ever‐increasing consumption of goods and their easy disposal has led to a very energy‐intensive waste disposal infrastructure. Re‐thinking our consumption and disposal habits with peak oil in mind has the potential to lead to greater cost savings to the taxpayers, increased efficiencies, and greater community resilience. SOLID WASTE & RECYCLING Trash inhabits an important, but invisible, cultural space in our community. It requires setting boundaries and setting margins, both physically and symbolically. 81 Out of sight, out of mind. At certain intervals – usually weekly – we put our garbage out by the curb and a truck takes it away. However, making trash “go away” by putting it on a truck is a fuel‐ intensive process. A REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION The City of Bloomington Sanitation Division collects residential solid waste, yard waste, and recyclable material from approximately 8,000 households within City limits. The City collects neither trash nor recyclables from residences of more than four units. Bloomington residents pay a $2.00 fee for each 35‐gallon trash bag or container collected by the City, and a $1.00 per bag fee for yard waste. Curbside recycling, which began in 1991, is free of charge. Materials eligible for recycling in Bloomington and Monroe County include paper products, glass containers, steel cans, aluminum cans, and plastic bottles. The City also collects leaves and yard waste. The City’s Sanitation Division picks up yard waste from early March to early January and takes it to Good Earth Compost and Mulch, LLC for mulching. Both the City’s Sanitation Division and Street Division provide leaf pick‐ up services. 81 Mary Douglas, Purity and Danger: An Analysis of the Concepts of Pollution and Taboo, Routledge, 1966. Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil Task Force 52
From early November to late December, residents are afforded three options to dispose of their leaves: • City Sanitation crews will collect yard waste every week on your scheduled trash day in the free leaf collection bags; • Residents can drop leaves off at any of five collection sites; and • The Street Division provides a curbside leaf pick up on a regular basis Monday through Friday. While the leaves collected by the City are taken to Good Earth for composting, the leaves collected by the Street division are taken to a decommissioned City wastewater plant contaminated by PCBs where the leaves are used for fill. The City’s Sanitation Division owns approximately 17 vehicles. In 2008, the Division consumed 1,584.84 gallons of unleaded and 24,475.79 gallons of diesel. The Sanitation Division has gone to a condensed work week of four 10‐hour work days and has cut its unleaded fuel costs by 37%. Its diesel costs have remained largely unchanged, despite increasing fuel prices. Until recently, much of the solid waste generated locally was taken to the Monroe County Landfill, which was operated by the Monroe County Solid Waste Management District. However, the landfill suspended operations during the summer of 2004 after it erupted into flames. It was subsequently closed and is under contract to remain closed until 2024. At present, the majority of the City’s solid waste is hauled to Sycamore Ridge Landfill, located in Pimento, IN (Vigo County), about 55 miles from Bloomington. In 2007, 159,968 tons of solid waste was generated in Monroe County. 82 Based on U.S. Census figures, Bloomington residents constitute about 56% of the Monroe County population. 83 Therefore, we might estimate that Bloomington residents generated about 82Indiana Department of Environmental Management, 2007 Solid Waste Facilities Report http://www.in.gov/idem/files/solid_waste_far07.pdf 83 U.S. Census Bureau; Indiana Business Research Center Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil Task Force 53
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Redefining Prosperity: Energy Desce
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This report is dedicated to Colin J
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Preface Our society is reaching a t
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Oil infuses just
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Transportation. Of all sectors, tra
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Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil
Page 14 and 15: The “Hubbert Curve.” Decades ag
Page 16 and 17: Other observers believe that peak o
Page 18 and 19: solutions 20 years before the peak
Page 20 and 21: What’s more, it is highly unlikel
Page 22 and 23: Biofuels Some believe that it will
Page 24 and 25: THE BLOOMINGTON PEAK OIL TASK FORCE
Page 26 and 27: ENDORSEMENT OF THE OIL DEPLETION PR
Page 28 and 29: NEXT STEPS This Report outlines a n
Page 30 and 31: THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT The enormous e
Page 32 and 33: Inflation and Volatility It will be
Page 34 and 35: Daily changes in the spot price of
Page 36 and 37: Daly writes: That was when I realiz
Page 38 and 39: instead of the old notion that “b
Page 40 and 41: Fuel Rationing As we collectively s
Page 42 and 43: MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES Follo
Page 44 and 45: • Local government should collabo
Page 46 and 47: transit and pedestrian and biking f
Page 48 and 49: On the other hand, there is probabl
Page 50 and 51: • all City traffic signals have b
Page 52 and 53: THIRSTY WATER: THE WATER SUPPLY Sin
Page 54 and 55: Water Treatment Treatment of water
Page 56 and 57: MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES A com
Page 58 and 59: 2. Advocate a tiered pricing system
Page 60 and 61: 4. Offer other efficiency incentive
Page 62 and 63: MEDIUMTERM (5‐15 years) 1. Expl
Page 66 and 67: 89,582 tons of garbage in 2007. 84
Page 68 and 69: MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES SHORT
Page 70 and 71: MEDIUMTERM STRATEGIES (515 year
Page 72 and 73: Re‐establishing a local landfill
Page 74 and 75: 2. Transition all backup generato
Page 76 and 77: POLICE, FIRE & OTHER EMERGENCY SERV
Page 78 and 79: 3. There is a potential for increas
Page 80 and 81: MEDIUMTERM (515 years) 1. The P
Page 82 and 83: OTHER EMERGENCY SERVICES Non‐rout
Page 84 and 85: FLEET & STREET: CARBON WEBS & ASPHA
Page 86 and 87: In an effort to save money, reduce
Page 90 and 91: esidents who work from home, howeve
Page 92 and 93: MAINTAINING CITY STREETS Everything
Page 94 and 95: MEDIUM TERM (515 Years) 1. Reduce
Page 96 and 97: As summarized by Pat Murphy in Plan
Page 100 and 101: Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil
Page 102 and 103: just to cover the cost of vehicle m
Page 104 and 105: REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION: PA
Page 106 and 107: Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil
Page 108 and 109: About the Activity Nodes Project In
Page 110 and 111: MAP B: Population Density Report of
Page 112 and 113: Natural Neighborhoods One key step
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VULNERABILITIES 1. When it comes to
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3. Include plans for peak oil in th
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MEDIUMTERM (515 years) 1. Trans
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Both the City of Bloomington and Mo
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5. Build in physical separation buf
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Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil
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REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION: VM
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Oil & Equity: The Impact of Fuel Co
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Fuel as Percentage of Income 100.00
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The Distance Factor The greater the
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Pedestrian Friendliness Just how
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MAP E: WalkScore Analysis of 55 Nat
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THE CURRENT SITUATION: PUBLIC TRANS
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Hoosier Bus Hoosier Bus is Indiana
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BT owns 42 conventional diesel buse
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MAP F: Walkability of Bloomington T
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5. Intercity rail is not available.
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES In th
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2. Develop a community cooperative
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The City should establish or encour
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6. Update the LongRange Transport
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Make bike riding on major arterials
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11. Seek greater public investment
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13. Fully unify the BT and campus b
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15. Establish public or private lon
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LONGTERM (1530 years) 1. Shrink
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REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION Hou
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Number of People per Square Foot Wh
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Local Incentives The community has
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VULNERABILITIES 1. Potential for po
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5. Restrictive covenants on use of
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2. The community should explore the
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Granny flats In Bloomington, there
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7. Actively work to grow building e
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10. Educate and motivate citizens t
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SUSTENANCE: FOOD, WATER, WASTE & HE
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Indeed, it is estimated that the U.
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Local Food Production Efforts to pr
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The Current U.S. Diet Americans eat
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Regional Land and Population The pr
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Can Bloomington Feed Itself? Feedin
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population maintained health, while
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fertility inputs and yields of surp
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES: PLAN
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SHORTTERM STRATEGIES (15 Years)
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10. Train and deploy 300 new urban
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12. The City and other stakeholders
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23. Reserve open land for agricultu
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11. Establish a credible local fina
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Households can contribute significa
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4. Collect rainwater In addition to
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and paper. Sources include househol
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HEALTH CARE The implications of pea
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES: RE
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The Fourth Layer: Professional Care
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Opportunities for Citizen Action: W
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• Use power strips for your home
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State and utility residential renew
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CONCLUSION The peaking of productio
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GILBERT, Richard, and Anthony Perl.
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PIMENTEL, David, ed. Biofuels, Sola
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ENERGY WATCH GROUP. “Coal: Resour
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APPENDICES
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argued by Brown to dramatically dec
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In general, the trend has been for
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Unfortunately, stated coal R/P rati
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during World War I, then falling as
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Although the prevailing sense among
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The following projection of future
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asserted, “Consequently, our pres
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The following graph from the Associ
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APPENDIX IV Vehicle Ownership per P
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Stephanie Kimball is a former Profe
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Peak Oil Task Force Report - City of Bloomington - State of Indiana

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