Peak Oil Task Force Report - City of Bloomington - State of Indiana

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3. There is a potential for increased social problems resulting from peak oil and economic dislocation. The recent experience with escalating gas prices, the attendant increase in food prices, the mortgage crisis, and the recession have put great pressure on our community’s residents as well as social service providers. As explained in the Economic Context chapter, it is anticipated that our current period of economic distress will last for some time. It is well documented that, in times of economic hardship, illegal activity and violence tend to increase. 100 Observers point out that every recession since the late 1950s has been marked by an increase in crime, particularly property crime and robbery. 101 The Police Executive Research Forum recently conducted a survey of 233 police agencies and found that 44 percent reported a rise in certain types of crime attributed to the current economic climate. The study also found that 63 percent of departments were making plans for overall cuts in their funding for the next fiscal year. 102 Peak oil, exacerbated by the current economic climate, translates into more economic dislocation. It is likely that some citizens, out of both frustration and despair, will look for extra‐legal ways to sustain themselves. 103 This will put increased pressure on the Police Department to keep the city safe and on the Fire Department to provide emergency medical treatment. If social services are increasingly strained or otherwise compromised, police may be called upon to fulfill this role as well. 100 Alfred Blumstein and Richard Rosenfeld, “Factors Contributing to U.S. Crime Trends,” Understanding Crime Trends: Workshop Report, Goldberger and Rosenfeld, eds, 13‐44 (National Academies Press: Washington, D.C, 2008). Lesley Williams Reid, Crime in the City: A Political and Economic Analysis of Urban Crime (LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC: New York, NY, 2003). See also, David Streitfield. “The Recession Made Them Do It,” The New York Times, May 10, 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/10/weekinreview/10streitfeld.html?scp=14&sq=recession%20violence &st=cse 101 Ross Colvin, “Economic Downturn Hits U.S. Police With Double Whammy,” Reuters, October 21, 2008 http://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSTRE49K0VH20081021 102 Police Executive Research Forum, Survey on Policing and Economy (2008). http://policeforum.org/upload/PERF%20Survey%20on%20Policing%20&%20Economy_908860847_22200 9153254.pdf 103 Energy Watch Group, Crude Oil: The Supply Outlook (2007). http://www.energywatchgroup.org/fileadmin/global/pdf/EWG_Oilreport_10‐2007.pdf Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil Task Force 66
4. Peak oil will likely present additional fire safety concerns. It is likely that as oil becomes more and more expensive, some residents might try to hoard gasoline – a practice that presents serious safety risks. It is also expected that, as electricity and gas become more expensive, more residents will turn to heating their homes with wood and biomass. Gasoline hoarding and heating with biomass will call for more fire suppression and will require the Fire Department to engage in even more fire‐safety community awareness efforts. MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES SHORTTERM (15 years) 1. Priority should be granted to Police and Fire in adding new staff to the City. 2. The City should develop a fuel allocation plan wherein, in the event of a fuel shortage, the Police and Fire Departments are given greatest priority. 3. The City should plan for shortages and supply disruptions and transition backup generators away from diesel fuel. 4. Anticipating a period of growing social problems, the Police Department should work with Neighborhood Associations to develop neighborhood patrols. 5. The Police Department should continue to invest in bicycles, neighborhood electric vehicles, etc. and should consider the use of horse patrols where appropriate. 6. Anticipating more fuel hoarding and nonconventional home heating practices, the Fire Department should provide community outreach on the dangers of hoarding and how to practice safe home heating using biomass. 7. The Fire Department should investigate to what extent the fire trucks could be retrofitted to run on B100. B100 holds the possibility of fueling fire trucks by use of locallyderived lipids such as restaurant grease. 104 104 The National Biodiesel Board advises that “high percent blends can impact fuel system components (primarily fuel hoses and fuel pump seals) that contain compounds incompatible with B100. Manufacturers recommend that natural or butyl rubbers not be allowed to come in contact with pure biodiesel or biodiesel blends higher than B20. Over the past 15 years of use, blends of B20 or lower have not exhibited problematic Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil Task Force 67
Page 2 and 3:
Redefining Prosperity: Energy Desce
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This report is dedicated to Colin J
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Preface Our society is reaching a t
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Oil infuses just
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Transportation. Of all sectors, tra
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Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil
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The “Hubbert Curve.” Decades ag
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Other observers believe that peak o
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solutions 20 years before the peak
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What’s more, it is highly unlikel
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Biofuels Some believe that it will
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THE BLOOMINGTON PEAK OIL TASK FORCE
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ENDORSEMENT OF THE OIL DEPLETION PR
Page 28 and 29: NEXT STEPS This Report outlines a n
Page 30 and 31: THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT The enormous e
Page 32 and 33: Inflation and Volatility It will be
Page 34 and 35: Daily changes in the spot price of
Page 36 and 37: Daly writes: That was when I realiz
Page 38 and 39: instead of the old notion that “b
Page 40 and 41: Fuel Rationing As we collectively s
Page 42 and 43: MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES Follo
Page 44 and 45: • Local government should collabo
Page 46 and 47: transit and pedestrian and biking f
Page 48 and 49: On the other hand, there is probabl
Page 50 and 51: • all City traffic signals have b
Page 52 and 53: THIRSTY WATER: THE WATER SUPPLY Sin
Page 54 and 55: Water Treatment Treatment of water
Page 56 and 57: MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES A com
Page 58 and 59: 2. Advocate a tiered pricing system
Page 60 and 61: 4. Offer other efficiency incentive
Page 62 and 63: MEDIUMTERM (5‐15 years) 1. Expl
Page 64 and 65: WASTE DISPOSAL: THE DETRITUS OF CON
Page 66 and 67: 89,582 tons of garbage in 2007. 84
Page 68 and 69: MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES SHORT
Page 70 and 71: MEDIUMTERM STRATEGIES (515 year
Page 72 and 73: Re‐establishing a local landfill
Page 74 and 75: 2. Transition all backup generato
Page 76 and 77: POLICE, FIRE & OTHER EMERGENCY SERV
Page 80 and 81: MEDIUMTERM (515 years) 1. The P
Page 82 and 83: OTHER EMERGENCY SERVICES Non‐rout
Page 84 and 85: FLEET & STREET: CARBON WEBS & ASPHA
Page 86 and 87: In an effort to save money, reduce
Page 90 and 91: esidents who work from home, howeve
Page 92 and 93: MAINTAINING CITY STREETS Everything
Page 94 and 95: MEDIUM TERM (515 Years) 1. Reduce
Page 96 and 97: As summarized by Pat Murphy in Plan
Page 100 and 101: Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil
Page 102 and 103: just to cover the cost of vehicle m
Page 104 and 105: REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION: PA
Page 108 and 109: About the Activity Nodes Project In
Page 110 and 111: MAP B: Population Density Report of
Page 112 and 113: Natural Neighborhoods One key step
Page 114 and 115: VULNERABILITIES 1. When it comes to
Page 116 and 117: 3. Include plans for peak oil in th
Page 118 and 119: MEDIUMTERM (515 years) 1. Trans
Page 120 and 121: Both the City of Bloomington and Mo
Page 122 and 123: 5. Build in physical separation buf
Page 126 and 127: REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION: VM
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Oil & Equity: The Impact of Fuel Co
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Fuel as Percentage of Income 100.00
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The Distance Factor The greater the
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Pedestrian Friendliness Just how
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MAP E: WalkScore Analysis of 55 Nat
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THE CURRENT SITUATION: PUBLIC TRANS
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Hoosier Bus Hoosier Bus is Indiana
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BT owns 42 conventional diesel buse
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MAP F: Walkability of Bloomington T
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5. Intercity rail is not available.
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES In th
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2. Develop a community cooperative
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The City should establish or encour
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6. Update the LongRange Transport
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Make bike riding on major arterials
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11. Seek greater public investment
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13. Fully unify the BT and campus b
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15. Establish public or private lon
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LONGTERM (1530 years) 1. Shrink
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REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION Hou
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Number of People per Square Foot Wh
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Local Incentives The community has
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VULNERABILITIES 1. Potential for po
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5. Restrictive covenants on use of
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2. The community should explore the
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Granny flats In Bloomington, there
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7. Actively work to grow building e
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10. Educate and motivate citizens t
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SUSTENANCE: FOOD, WATER, WASTE & HE
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Indeed, it is estimated that the U.
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Local Food Production Efforts to pr
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The Current U.S. Diet Americans eat
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Regional Land and Population The pr
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Can Bloomington Feed Itself? Feedin
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population maintained health, while
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fertility inputs and yields of surp
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES: PLAN
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SHORTTERM STRATEGIES (15 Years)
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10. Train and deploy 300 new urban
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12. The City and other stakeholders
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23. Reserve open land for agricultu
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11. Establish a credible local fina
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Households can contribute significa
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4. Collect rainwater In addition to
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and paper. Sources include househol
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HEALTH CARE The implications of pea
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES: RE
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The Fourth Layer: Professional Care
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Opportunities for Citizen Action: W
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• Use power strips for your home
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State and utility residential renew
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CONCLUSION The peaking of productio
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GILBERT, Richard, and Anthony Perl.
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PIMENTEL, David, ed. Biofuels, Sola
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ENERGY WATCH GROUP. “Coal: Resour
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APPENDICES
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argued by Brown to dramatically dec
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In general, the trend has been for
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Unfortunately, stated coal R/P rati
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during World War I, then falling as
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Although the prevailing sense among
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The following projection of future
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asserted, “Consequently, our pres
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The following graph from the Associ
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APPENDIX IV Vehicle Ownership per P
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Stephanie Kimball is a former Profe
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Peak Oil Task Force Report - City of Bloomington - State of Indiana

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