Peak Oil Task Force Report - City of Bloomington - State of Indiana

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FLEET & STREET: CARBON WEBS & ASPHALT CONNECTIONS The City’s reliance on petroleum is most immediately apparent in the operation of its fleet and the paving and maintenance of its streets. The City’s Fleet and Street Divisions have implemented laudable conservation and efficiency improvements to reduce reliance on petroleum. However, peak oil means that the provision of these services will become increasingly expensive. Congruent with the City’s commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, peak oil provides the City with the opportunity to think through new ways to provide for safe streets and an efficient fleet while reducing our reliance on fossil fuels. THE MUNCIPAL FLEET The City’s fleet is composed of 466 vehicles and equipment: 235 unleaded vehicles 109 (including four hybrids), 115 diesel vehicles and one electric GEM car used by the City’s Downtown Specialist. It owns 85 pieces of diesel equipment, 20 pieces of equipment using unleaded fuel, 5 electric and 5 propane pieces. 110 Since 2005, the City has abided by a biodiesel‐only purchasing policy for its 200 diesel‐powered cars and equipment. The City uses these vehicles for police and fire protection; for enforcement of the Bloomington Municipal Code (parking enforcement, zoning compliance, housing and neighborhood inspection); for maintaining parks, trails, the golf course, and other recreational facilities and programs; for street and sidewalk repair and maintenance; and for taking care of the city’s water and wastewater needs. Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil Task Force The City’s allelectric GEM car 109 City Fleet advises that only 25 cars are flex‐fuel capable; the rest of the fleet cannot be “retrofitted” for flex‐fuel capacity. 110 The following numbers reflect all vehicles and fuel‐powered equipment attributed to each department: Police (45), Public Works (6), Engineering (11), Housing & Neighborhood Development (9), Parking Enforcement (4), Planning (2), Risk Management (2), Traffic (9), Fire (23), Fleet Maintenance (5), Street (96), Utilities (169), Parks and Recreation (85), the Animal Shelter (3), Sanitation (17), and Information & Technology Services (2). 72
The City owns a total of six fuel tanks: three unleaded tanks that have a capacity of 10,000 gallons each and three diesel tanks – two with a capacity of 10,000 gallons each and one with a capacity of 2,000 gallons. As these tanks can only be filled to 90% capacity, the City has storage capacity for approximately 27,000 gallons of unleaded fuel and 19,800 of diesel fuel. Fleet purchases an average of 8,500 gallons of unleaded fuel and 7,500 gallons of biodiesel each month. The City has contracts with three providers for unleaded fuel and two providers for biodiesel. In the event of a fuel shortage, the City is considered a “priority customer” and would receive first opportunity to claim fuel. Over the last number of years, the City has experienced an appreciable increase in the cost of fuel even though the gallons consumed have variously decreased or remained constant. From 2003 to 2008, the unleaded fuel costs to the City increased 130% while the cost of diesel increased 177%. 111 Year Unleaded Gallons Unleaded Cost Diesel Gallons Diesel Cost Purchased Purchased 2003 169,974 $203,720.47 118,368 $129,847.67 2004 170,797 $256,439.92 119,795 $167,175.36 2005 159,573 $312,295.19 108,563 (biodiesel) $220,910.97 2006 156,831 $349,444.10 109,036 (biodiesel) $255,217.04 2007 154,764 $377,731.50 116,829 (biodiesel) $296,984.55 2008 162,590 $467,872.85 102,121 (biodiesel) $359,016.52 As a result of the oil spike of summer 2008, the amount budgeted for fuel in 2009 increased by almost 20%, from $679,091 to $810,791. Meanwhile, the percentage of the overall City budget claimed by fuel has doubled over the last six years: in 2003, fuel constituted 0.63% of the entire City budget; in 2009 fuel comprises 1.32% of the budget. 111 In 2005 the City began buying only biodiesel to power its diesel vehicles and equipment. Note that Fleet does not currently track the total number of miles driven. Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil Task Force 73
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Redefining Prosperity: Energy Desce
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This report is dedicated to Colin J
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Preface Our society is reaching a t
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Oil infuses just
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Transportation. Of all sectors, tra
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Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil
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The “Hubbert Curve.” Decades ag
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Other observers believe that peak o
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solutions 20 years before the peak
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What’s more, it is highly unlikel
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Biofuels Some believe that it will
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THE BLOOMINGTON PEAK OIL TASK FORCE
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ENDORSEMENT OF THE OIL DEPLETION PR
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NEXT STEPS This Report outlines a n
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THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT The enormous e
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Inflation and Volatility It will be
Page 34 and 35: Daily changes in the spot price of
Page 36 and 37: Daly writes: That was when I realiz
Page 38 and 39: instead of the old notion that “b
Page 40 and 41: Fuel Rationing As we collectively s
Page 42 and 43: MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES Follo
Page 44 and 45: • Local government should collabo
Page 46 and 47: transit and pedestrian and biking f
Page 48 and 49: On the other hand, there is probabl
Page 50 and 51: • all City traffic signals have b
Page 52 and 53: THIRSTY WATER: THE WATER SUPPLY Sin
Page 54 and 55: Water Treatment Treatment of water
Page 56 and 57: MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES A com
Page 58 and 59: 2. Advocate a tiered pricing system
Page 60 and 61: 4. Offer other efficiency incentive
Page 62 and 63: MEDIUMTERM (5‐15 years) 1. Expl
Page 64 and 65: WASTE DISPOSAL: THE DETRITUS OF CON
Page 66 and 67: 89,582 tons of garbage in 2007. 84
Page 68 and 69: MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES SHORT
Page 70 and 71: MEDIUMTERM STRATEGIES (515 year
Page 72 and 73: Re‐establishing a local landfill
Page 74 and 75: 2. Transition all backup generato
Page 76 and 77: POLICE, FIRE & OTHER EMERGENCY SERV
Page 78 and 79: 3. There is a potential for increas
Page 80 and 81: MEDIUMTERM (515 years) 1. The P
Page 82 and 83: OTHER EMERGENCY SERVICES Non‐rout
Page 86 and 87: In an effort to save money, reduce
Page 90 and 91: esidents who work from home, howeve
Page 92 and 93: MAINTAINING CITY STREETS Everything
Page 94 and 95: MEDIUM TERM (515 Years) 1. Reduce
Page 96 and 97: As summarized by Pat Murphy in Plan
Page 100 and 101: Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil
Page 102 and 103: just to cover the cost of vehicle m
Page 104 and 105: REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION: PA
Page 108 and 109: About the Activity Nodes Project In
Page 110 and 111: MAP B: Population Density Report of
Page 112 and 113: Natural Neighborhoods One key step
Page 114 and 115: VULNERABILITIES 1. When it comes to
Page 116 and 117: 3. Include plans for peak oil in th
Page 118 and 119: MEDIUMTERM (515 years) 1. Trans
Page 120 and 121: Both the City of Bloomington and Mo
Page 122 and 123: 5. Build in physical separation buf
Page 126 and 127: REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION: VM
Page 128 and 129: Oil & Equity: The Impact of Fuel Co
Page 130 and 131: Fuel as Percentage of Income 100.00
Page 132 and 133: The Distance Factor The greater the
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Pedestrian Friendliness Just how
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MAP E: WalkScore Analysis of 55 Nat
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THE CURRENT SITUATION: PUBLIC TRANS
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Hoosier Bus Hoosier Bus is Indiana
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BT owns 42 conventional diesel buse
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MAP F: Walkability of Bloomington T
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5. Intercity rail is not available.
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES In th
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2. Develop a community cooperative
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The City should establish or encour
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6. Update the LongRange Transport
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Make bike riding on major arterials
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11. Seek greater public investment
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13. Fully unify the BT and campus b
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15. Establish public or private lon
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LONGTERM (1530 years) 1. Shrink
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REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION Hou
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Number of People per Square Foot Wh
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Local Incentives The community has
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VULNERABILITIES 1. Potential for po
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5. Restrictive covenants on use of
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2. The community should explore the
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Granny flats In Bloomington, there
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7. Actively work to grow building e
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10. Educate and motivate citizens t
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SUSTENANCE: FOOD, WATER, WASTE & HE
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Indeed, it is estimated that the U.
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Local Food Production Efforts to pr
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The Current U.S. Diet Americans eat
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Regional Land and Population The pr
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Can Bloomington Feed Itself? Feedin
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population maintained health, while
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fertility inputs and yields of surp
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES: PLAN
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SHORTTERM STRATEGIES (15 Years)
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10. Train and deploy 300 new urban
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12. The City and other stakeholders
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23. Reserve open land for agricultu
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11. Establish a credible local fina
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Households can contribute significa
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4. Collect rainwater In addition to
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and paper. Sources include househol
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HEALTH CARE The implications of pea
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES: RE
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The Fourth Layer: Professional Care
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Opportunities for Citizen Action: W
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• Use power strips for your home
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State and utility residential renew
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CONCLUSION The peaking of productio
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GILBERT, Richard, and Anthony Perl.
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PIMENTEL, David, ed. Biofuels, Sola
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ENERGY WATCH GROUP. “Coal: Resour
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APPENDICES
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argued by Brown to dramatically dec
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In general, the trend has been for
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Unfortunately, stated coal R/P rati
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during World War I, then falling as
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Although the prevailing sense among
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The following projection of future
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asserted, “Consequently, our pres
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The following graph from the Associ
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APPENDIX IV Vehicle Ownership per P
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Stephanie Kimball is a former Profe
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Peak Oil Task Force Report - City of Bloomington - State of Indiana

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