Peak Oil Task Force Report - City of Bloomington - State of Indiana

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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES A commitment to smart water management involves comprehensive planning to meet the long‐term needs of the community joined with greater efficiencies and a strong conservation ethic. SHORTTERM STRATEGIES (15 years) 1. Explore hybrid energy generation. While the Monroe Water Treatment plant enjoys some flexibility to scale down production, it does not have the capacity to run without power. Water production and treatment requires a continual input of power. The plant cannot be frequently completely shut down and then turned on again without negative consequences. Given the precarious state of the grid and the need for continuous power at the plant, the City should explore alternative energy options to supplement the water treatment plant’s energy supply. Specifically, the City should explore the possibility of installing a second layer of pumps powered by a combination of both solar energy and hydroelectricity from the Monroe Dam. At the request of the City’s Environmental Commission and some members of the City Council, the Utilities Department sent Black and Veatch a list of general questions concerning the possible use of alternative energy sources to power the water treatment plant. In October 2008, lead engineer Donnie Ginn, P.E., responded to these questions via a memorandum. 65 Ginn’s memorandum advised that completely transitioning the facilities to either hydroelectric power or solar power is significantly constrained by space, season, and cost. For example, hydroelectric power generated at the dam would have to be transferred about 10 miles over difficult terrain to the water treatment intake facility. Furthermore, the facility could only be operated for a few months in the late spring. Meanwhile, 65 Memo from Donnie Ginn of Black and Veatch to Patrick Murphy, Director of City of Bloomington Utilities Department, Monroe Water Treatment Plant Alternative Energy Sources (October 21, 2008). Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil Task Force 44
transitioning the entire plant over to solar power would call for clearing between 16 to 40 acres of land for solar cells. 66 Instead of completely shifting the treatment and intake facility over to either solar or hydroelectric power, the City should explore a hybrid configuration of both to complement (not replace) the facility’s primary source of power. Such a hybrid configuration should be designed to produce enough power to run the plant at 10‐15% treatment capacity in order to provide residents a basic level of water sufficient for drinking, cooking, and basic sanitation. Hydroelectric power could be leveraged during the Indiana spring rains, when substantial cloud cover reduces the feasibility for solar but there is a great deal of untapped energy flowing over the dam. Solar power could be leveraged during the summer months and sunny winter months. 67 Used as part of a hybrid system to complement existing power sources, solar panels would require less than an acre of cleared land (estimated). In the interest of the community’s water security, the City should more closely examine hybrid energy generation at the water treatment plant. Any study should take into consideration the amount of water needed to provide minimal drinking and cooking water to residents. Further study should include a cost‐benefit that takes into account the weaknesses of the electrical grid and the grid’s ultimate reliance on oil. 66 Ibid. 67 Cities receiving less solar radiation than Bloomington, such as Newark, New Jersey have successfully transitioned their water and wastewater treatment to solar power. Boulder, Colorado has a level of radiation similar to Bloomington and has transitioned its water and wastewater treatment facilities to solar power. Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil Task Force 45
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Redefining Prosperity: Energy Desce
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This report is dedicated to Colin J
Page 6 and 7: Preface Our society is reaching a t
Page 8 and 9: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Oil infuses just
Page 10 and 11: Transportation. Of all sectors, tra
Page 12 and 13: Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil
Page 14 and 15: The “Hubbert Curve.” Decades ag
Page 16 and 17: Other observers believe that peak o
Page 18 and 19: solutions 20 years before the peak
Page 20 and 21: What’s more, it is highly unlikel
Page 22 and 23: Biofuels Some believe that it will
Page 24 and 25: THE BLOOMINGTON PEAK OIL TASK FORCE
Page 26 and 27: ENDORSEMENT OF THE OIL DEPLETION PR
Page 28 and 29: NEXT STEPS This Report outlines a n
Page 30 and 31: THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT The enormous e
Page 32 and 33: Inflation and Volatility It will be
Page 34 and 35: Daily changes in the spot price of
Page 36 and 37: Daly writes: That was when I realiz
Page 38 and 39: instead of the old notion that “b
Page 40 and 41: Fuel Rationing As we collectively s
Page 42 and 43: MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES Follo
Page 44 and 45: • Local government should collabo
Page 46 and 47: transit and pedestrian and biking f
Page 48 and 49: On the other hand, there is probabl
Page 50 and 51: • all City traffic signals have b
Page 52 and 53: THIRSTY WATER: THE WATER SUPPLY Sin
Page 54 and 55: Water Treatment Treatment of water
Page 58 and 59: 2. Advocate a tiered pricing system
Page 60 and 61: 4. Offer other efficiency incentive
Page 62 and 63: MEDIUMTERM (5‐15 years) 1. Expl
Page 64 and 65: WASTE DISPOSAL: THE DETRITUS OF CON
Page 66 and 67: 89,582 tons of garbage in 2007. 84
Page 68 and 69: MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES SHORT
Page 70 and 71: MEDIUMTERM STRATEGIES (515 year
Page 72 and 73: Re‐establishing a local landfill
Page 74 and 75: 2. Transition all backup generato
Page 76 and 77: POLICE, FIRE & OTHER EMERGENCY SERV
Page 78 and 79: 3. There is a potential for increas
Page 80 and 81: MEDIUMTERM (515 years) 1. The P
Page 82 and 83: OTHER EMERGENCY SERVICES Non‐rout
Page 84 and 85: FLEET & STREET: CARBON WEBS & ASPHA
Page 86 and 87: In an effort to save money, reduce
Page 90 and 91: esidents who work from home, howeve
Page 92 and 93: MAINTAINING CITY STREETS Everything
Page 94 and 95: MEDIUM TERM (515 Years) 1. Reduce
Page 96 and 97: As summarized by Pat Murphy in Plan
Page 100 and 101: Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil
Page 102 and 103: just to cover the cost of vehicle m
Page 104 and 105: REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION: PA
Page 106 and 107:
Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil
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About the Activity Nodes Project In
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MAP B: Population Density Report of
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Natural Neighborhoods One key step
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VULNERABILITIES 1. When it comes to
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3. Include plans for peak oil in th
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MEDIUMTERM (515 years) 1. Trans
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Both the City of Bloomington and Mo
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5. Build in physical separation buf
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Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil
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REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION: VM
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Oil & Equity: The Impact of Fuel Co
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Fuel as Percentage of Income 100.00
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The Distance Factor The greater the
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Pedestrian Friendliness Just how
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MAP E: WalkScore Analysis of 55 Nat
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THE CURRENT SITUATION: PUBLIC TRANS
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Hoosier Bus Hoosier Bus is Indiana
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BT owns 42 conventional diesel buse
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MAP F: Walkability of Bloomington T
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5. Intercity rail is not available.
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES In th
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2. Develop a community cooperative
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The City should establish or encour
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6. Update the LongRange Transport
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Make bike riding on major arterials
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11. Seek greater public investment
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13. Fully unify the BT and campus b
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15. Establish public or private lon
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LONGTERM (1530 years) 1. Shrink
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REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION Hou
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Number of People per Square Foot Wh
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Local Incentives The community has
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VULNERABILITIES 1. Potential for po
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5. Restrictive covenants on use of
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2. The community should explore the
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Granny flats In Bloomington, there
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7. Actively work to grow building e
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10. Educate and motivate citizens t
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SUSTENANCE: FOOD, WATER, WASTE & HE
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Indeed, it is estimated that the U.
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Local Food Production Efforts to pr
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The Current U.S. Diet Americans eat
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Regional Land and Population The pr
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Can Bloomington Feed Itself? Feedin
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population maintained health, while
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fertility inputs and yields of surp
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES: PLAN
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SHORTTERM STRATEGIES (15 Years)
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10. Train and deploy 300 new urban
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12. The City and other stakeholders
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23. Reserve open land for agricultu
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11. Establish a credible local fina
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Households can contribute significa
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4. Collect rainwater In addition to
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and paper. Sources include househol
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HEALTH CARE The implications of pea
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES: RE
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The Fourth Layer: Professional Care
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Opportunities for Citizen Action: W
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• Use power strips for your home
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State and utility residential renew
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CONCLUSION The peaking of productio
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GILBERT, Richard, and Anthony Perl.
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PIMENTEL, David, ed. Biofuels, Sola
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ENERGY WATCH GROUP. “Coal: Resour
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APPENDICES
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argued by Brown to dramatically dec
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In general, the trend has been for
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Unfortunately, stated coal R/P rati
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during World War I, then falling as
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Although the prevailing sense among
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The following projection of future
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asserted, “Consequently, our pres
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The following graph from the Associ
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APPENDIX IV Vehicle Ownership per P
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Stephanie Kimball is a former Profe
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Peak Oil Task Force Report - City of Bloomington - State of Indiana

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