Peak Oil Task Force Report - City of Bloomington - State of Indiana

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Daily changes in the spot price of crude oil, 1983‐2009. Source: International Monetary Fund, Bloomberg as cited in the New York Times, July 10, 2009. 28 Some observers might see the rapid fall of oil prices in the latter half of 2008 as proof that the theory of peak oil has been falsified, but we believe they are wrong. It is hard to know how long the current recession will last. However, if the recession begins to lift soon, oil consumption will once again begin to accelerate. Then rising demand could collide with falling production, triggering another rapid run‐up in oil prices and possibly bringing about another recession soon after the current one ends. However, if the recession is prolonged (for, say, another five or even ten years), then oil production could fall below even that required to meet depressed demand. In that case, rising oil prices could prolong the recession still further. At that point, if not before, the world will probably begin to sit up and take notice that the Age of Oil is coming to its inevitable end. By the end of the present century, if not before, most of the energy that is now being produced to fuel our vehicles and charge our electrical grid will have to come from renewable resources. 28 Ibid. Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil Task Force 22
VULNERABILITIES 1. Systemic reliance. As pointed out in the Introduction, crude oil is the lifeblood of our culture and society. From transportation to food to ubiquitous plastic products, everything hinges on oil. Thanks to this dependency, few of us have control over basic necessities of life. As a community, we are very vulnerable to a decline in cheap oil. 2. New competitors for energy resources. When the United States was on the upward slope of Hubbert's Curve, there were many populous countries in the world that consumed relatively little petroleum per capita. Now some of those countries – particularly China and India – are developing and motorizing rapidly. As a result, on the downward slope of the curve, Americans will have formidable new competitors for the world's remaining supplies of petroleum and other fossil fuels. 3. Financial chaos. The current financial crisis will continue to make it difficult to mobilize the resources necessary either to maintain the current level of oil production or to continue the migration to a post‐petroleum economy. The development of new oil fields, which are often in challenging environments and therefore very costly, has been slowed or postponed. The development of major renewable energy projects has likewise been delayed or postponed. 4. A finite Earth cannot support infinite growth. This is a point that seems simple enough to grasp, but it tends to get lost in our well‐ intended efforts to produce and consume more. This point is also one long championed by ecological economists, specifically Herman Daly. Daly struggled to communicate the idea of ecological constraint to the World Bank, where he worked in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil Task Force 23
Page 2 and 3: Redefining Prosperity: Energy Desce
Page 4 and 5: This report is dedicated to Colin J
Page 6 and 7: Preface Our society is reaching a t
Page 8 and 9: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Oil infuses just
Page 10 and 11: Transportation. Of all sectors, tra
Page 12 and 13: Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil
Page 14 and 15: The “Hubbert Curve.” Decades ag
Page 16 and 17: Other observers believe that peak o
Page 18 and 19: solutions 20 years before the peak
Page 20 and 21: What’s more, it is highly unlikel
Page 22 and 23: Biofuels Some believe that it will
Page 24 and 25: THE BLOOMINGTON PEAK OIL TASK FORCE
Page 26 and 27: ENDORSEMENT OF THE OIL DEPLETION PR
Page 28 and 29: NEXT STEPS This Report outlines a n
Page 30 and 31: THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT The enormous e
Page 32 and 33: Inflation and Volatility It will be
Page 36 and 37: Daly writes: That was when I realiz
Page 38 and 39: instead of the old notion that “b
Page 40 and 41: Fuel Rationing As we collectively s
Page 42 and 43: MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES Follo
Page 44 and 45: • Local government should collabo
Page 46 and 47: transit and pedestrian and biking f
Page 48 and 49: On the other hand, there is probabl
Page 50 and 51: • all City traffic signals have b
Page 52 and 53: THIRSTY WATER: THE WATER SUPPLY Sin
Page 54 and 55: Water Treatment Treatment of water
Page 56 and 57: MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES A com
Page 58 and 59: 2. Advocate a tiered pricing system
Page 60 and 61: 4. Offer other efficiency incentive
Page 62 and 63: MEDIUMTERM (5‐15 years) 1. Expl
Page 64 and 65: WASTE DISPOSAL: THE DETRITUS OF CON
Page 66 and 67: 89,582 tons of garbage in 2007. 84
Page 68 and 69: MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES SHORT
Page 70 and 71: MEDIUMTERM STRATEGIES (515 year
Page 72 and 73: Re‐establishing a local landfill
Page 74 and 75: 2. Transition all backup generato
Page 76 and 77: POLICE, FIRE & OTHER EMERGENCY SERV
Page 78 and 79: 3. There is a potential for increas
Page 80 and 81: MEDIUMTERM (515 years) 1. The P
Page 82 and 83: OTHER EMERGENCY SERVICES Non‐rout
Page 84 and 85:
FLEET & STREET: CARBON WEBS & ASPHA
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In an effort to save money, reduce
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES SHORT
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esidents who work from home, howeve
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MAINTAINING CITY STREETS Everything
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MEDIUM TERM (515 Years) 1. Reduce
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As summarized by Pat Murphy in Plan
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES SHORT
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Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil
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just to cover the cost of vehicle m
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REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION: PA
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Page 108 and 109:
About the Activity Nodes Project In
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MAP B: Population Density Report of
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Natural Neighborhoods One key step
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VULNERABILITIES 1. When it comes to
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3. Include plans for peak oil in th
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MEDIUMTERM (515 years) 1. Trans
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Both the City of Bloomington and Mo
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5. Build in physical separation buf
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Page 126 and 127:
REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION: VM
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Oil & Equity: The Impact of Fuel Co
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Fuel as Percentage of Income 100.00
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The Distance Factor The greater the
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Pedestrian Friendliness Just how
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MAP E: WalkScore Analysis of 55 Nat
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THE CURRENT SITUATION: PUBLIC TRANS
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Hoosier Bus Hoosier Bus is Indiana
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BT owns 42 conventional diesel buse
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MAP F: Walkability of Bloomington T
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5. Intercity rail is not available.
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES In th
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2. Develop a community cooperative
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The City should establish or encour
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6. Update the LongRange Transport
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Make bike riding on major arterials
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11. Seek greater public investment
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13. Fully unify the BT and campus b
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15. Establish public or private lon
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LONGTERM (1530 years) 1. Shrink
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REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION Hou
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Number of People per Square Foot Wh
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Local Incentives The community has
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VULNERABILITIES 1. Potential for po
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5. Restrictive covenants on use of
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2. The community should explore the
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Granny flats In Bloomington, there
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7. Actively work to grow building e
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10. Educate and motivate citizens t
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SUSTENANCE: FOOD, WATER, WASTE & HE
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Indeed, it is estimated that the U.
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Local Food Production Efforts to pr
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The Current U.S. Diet Americans eat
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Regional Land and Population The pr
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Can Bloomington Feed Itself? Feedin
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population maintained health, while
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fertility inputs and yields of surp
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES: PLAN
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SHORTTERM STRATEGIES (15 Years)
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10. Train and deploy 300 new urban
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12. The City and other stakeholders
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23. Reserve open land for agricultu
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11. Establish a credible local fina
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Households can contribute significa
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4. Collect rainwater In addition to
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and paper. Sources include househol
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HEALTH CARE The implications of pea
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES: RE
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The Fourth Layer: Professional Care
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Opportunities for Citizen Action: W
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• Use power strips for your home
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State and utility residential renew
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CONCLUSION The peaking of productio
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GILBERT, Richard, and Anthony Perl.
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PIMENTEL, David, ed. Biofuels, Sola
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ENERGY WATCH GROUP. “Coal: Resour
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APPENDICES
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argued by Brown to dramatically dec
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In general, the trend has been for
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Unfortunately, stated coal R/P rati
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during World War I, then falling as
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Although the prevailing sense among
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The following projection of future
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asserted, “Consequently, our pres
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The following graph from the Associ
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APPENDIX IV Vehicle Ownership per P
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Stephanie Kimball is a former Profe
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Peak Oil Task Force Report - City of Bloomington - State of Indiana

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