Peak Oil Task Force Report - City of Bloomington - State of Indiana

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The Distance Factor The greater the distances people travel in their cars to get to work and other destinations, the more vulnerable those residents are to a decline in cheap oil. A car driving at an average speed of 20 miles per hour travels about 3.3 miles in 10 minutes. At a pace of three miles per hour, it would take a person on foot over an hour to cover the same distance. It would take a non‐athlete biker rider about 22 minutes. The following graph shows average work commute times for Bloomington residents in 2000. Percentage of Workers 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% Less than 10 minutes Bloomington Commute Time 2000 Census Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil Task Force 10‐19 20‐29 30‐44 45‐59 60 or more Commute Time In 2000, about 32 percent of all commutes by Bloomington residents took less than ten minutes, and about 50 percent took 10‐19 minutes. Using the average speeds for walking and biking above, a driver who drives within the city and needs less than 10 minutes to get to work might be able to substitute walking or biking, although walking would require a considerable adjustment in time management. A nine minute car ride could be replaced by a roughly 45 minute walk or a bike ride of 20 minutes or less. To put this into perspective, new urbanist planners assume ¼ mile to be a comfortable walking distance to grocery stores and other necessities of life. This translates into a five‐ minute walk. If a commuter currently enjoys a five‐mile 16‐minute commute by car, walking the same distance would take over an hour and a half, while biking would take 120
about 35 minutes. In other words, if around 67 percent of Bloomington residents currently drive alone to work and the average commute time for most of these drivers is 19 minutes, then a shift to other modes of transportation will require a change in habits. For Monroe County residents commuting into Bloomington, walking is almost certainly out of the question and biking would be a challenge. The greater the distance, the lower the likelihood that people will turn to bicycles or walking as ways to get to work, or anywhere else. Land Use Patterns Source: The Associated Press As discussed in the previous chapter, settlement patterns of the past have really been shaped by cheap fuel and with little regard to non‐car transportation. Most new housing developments are separated from other land uses such as schools, shopping centers, workplaces, day care centers, garden supply stores, hardware stores, theaters, and workplaces. In Bloomington, the distances between these destinations are easy and fast to overcome by car and, given the low fuel prices that prevailed for decades, it was also inexpensive. However, for most people, the current land use patterns are major impediments to biking and walking. In some instances, residential areas are physically adjacent to shopping areas and other land uses, but no direct road connections exist between them, for fear that traffic might spill into the neighborhood. Taking into consideration all the different things that people are accustomed to doing on a daily basis and considering that residents often make multiple trips in different directions to reach different destinations, walking and biking are just not feasible alternatives – especially if trips involve young children, or the elderly who may move around more slowly. Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil Task Force 121
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Redefining Prosperity: Energy Desce
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This report is dedicated to Colin J
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Preface Our society is reaching a t
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Oil infuses just
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Transportation. Of all sectors, tra
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Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil
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The “Hubbert Curve.” Decades ag
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Other observers believe that peak o
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solutions 20 years before the peak
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What’s more, it is highly unlikel
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Biofuels Some believe that it will
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THE BLOOMINGTON PEAK OIL TASK FORCE
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ENDORSEMENT OF THE OIL DEPLETION PR
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NEXT STEPS This Report outlines a n
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THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT The enormous e
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Inflation and Volatility It will be
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Daily changes in the spot price of
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Daly writes: That was when I realiz
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instead of the old notion that “b
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Fuel Rationing As we collectively s
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES Follo
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• Local government should collabo
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transit and pedestrian and biking f
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On the other hand, there is probabl
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• all City traffic signals have b
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THIRSTY WATER: THE WATER SUPPLY Sin
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Water Treatment Treatment of water
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES A com
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2. Advocate a tiered pricing system
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4. Offer other efficiency incentive
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MEDIUMTERM (5‐15 years) 1. Expl
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WASTE DISPOSAL: THE DETRITUS OF CON
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89,582 tons of garbage in 2007. 84
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES SHORT
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MEDIUMTERM STRATEGIES (515 year
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Re‐establishing a local landfill
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2. Transition all backup generato
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POLICE, FIRE & OTHER EMERGENCY SERV
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3. There is a potential for increas
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MEDIUMTERM (515 years) 1. The P
Page 82 and 83: OTHER EMERGENCY SERVICES Non‐rout
Page 84 and 85: FLEET & STREET: CARBON WEBS & ASPHA
Page 86 and 87: In an effort to save money, reduce
Page 88 and 89: MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES SHORT
Page 90 and 91: esidents who work from home, howeve
Page 92 and 93: MAINTAINING CITY STREETS Everything
Page 94 and 95: MEDIUM TERM (515 Years) 1. Reduce
Page 96 and 97: As summarized by Pat Murphy in Plan
Page 98 and 99: MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES SHORT
Page 100 and 101: Report of the Bloomington Peak Oil
Page 102 and 103: just to cover the cost of vehicle m
Page 104 and 105: REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION: PA
Page 108 and 109: About the Activity Nodes Project In
Page 110 and 111: MAP B: Population Density Report of
Page 112 and 113: Natural Neighborhoods One key step
Page 114 and 115: VULNERABILITIES 1. When it comes to
Page 116 and 117: 3. Include plans for peak oil in th
Page 118 and 119: MEDIUMTERM (515 years) 1. Trans
Page 120 and 121: Both the City of Bloomington and Mo
Page 122 and 123: 5. Build in physical separation buf
Page 126 and 127: REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION: VM
Page 128 and 129: Oil & Equity: The Impact of Fuel Co
Page 130 and 131: Fuel as Percentage of Income 100.00
Page 134 and 135: Pedestrian Friendliness Just how
Page 136 and 137: MAP E: WalkScore Analysis of 55 Nat
Page 138 and 139: THE CURRENT SITUATION: PUBLIC TRANS
Page 140 and 141: Hoosier Bus Hoosier Bus is Indiana
Page 142 and 143: BT owns 42 conventional diesel buse
Page 144 and 145: MAP F: Walkability of Bloomington T
Page 146 and 147: 5. Intercity rail is not available.
Page 148 and 149: MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES In th
Page 150 and 151: 2. Develop a community cooperative
Page 152 and 153: The City should establish or encour
Page 154 and 155: 6. Update the LongRange Transport
Page 156 and 157: Make bike riding on major arterials
Page 158 and 159: 11. Seek greater public investment
Page 160 and 161: 13. Fully unify the BT and campus b
Page 162 and 163: 15. Establish public or private lon
Page 164 and 165: LONGTERM (1530 years) 1. Shrink
Page 166 and 167: REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION Hou
Page 168 and 169: Number of People per Square Foot Wh
Page 170 and 171: Local Incentives The community has
Page 172 and 173: VULNERABILITIES 1. Potential for po
Page 174 and 175: 5. Restrictive covenants on use of
Page 176 and 177: 2. The community should explore the
Page 178 and 179: Granny flats In Bloomington, there
Page 180 and 181: 7. Actively work to grow building e
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10. Educate and motivate citizens t
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SUSTENANCE: FOOD, WATER, WASTE & HE
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Indeed, it is estimated that the U.
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Local Food Production Efforts to pr
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The Current U.S. Diet Americans eat
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Regional Land and Population The pr
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Can Bloomington Feed Itself? Feedin
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population maintained health, while
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fertility inputs and yields of surp
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES: PLAN
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SHORTTERM STRATEGIES (15 Years)
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10. Train and deploy 300 new urban
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12. The City and other stakeholders
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23. Reserve open land for agricultu
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11. Establish a credible local fina
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Households can contribute significa
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4. Collect rainwater In addition to
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and paper. Sources include househol
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HEALTH CARE The implications of pea
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MITIGATION GOALS & STRATEGIES: RE
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The Fourth Layer: Professional Care
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Opportunities for Citizen Action: W
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• Use power strips for your home
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State and utility residential renew
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CONCLUSION The peaking of productio
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GILBERT, Richard, and Anthony Perl.
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PIMENTEL, David, ed. Biofuels, Sola
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ENERGY WATCH GROUP. “Coal: Resour
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APPENDICES
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argued by Brown to dramatically dec
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In general, the trend has been for
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Unfortunately, stated coal R/P rati
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during World War I, then falling as
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Although the prevailing sense among
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The following projection of future
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asserted, “Consequently, our pres
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The following graph from the Associ
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APPENDIX IV Vehicle Ownership per P
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Stephanie Kimball is a former Profe
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Peak Oil Task Force Report - City of Bloomington - State of Indiana

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