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parents and principals as partners in creating a culture of learning

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[ 111 I<br />

Advantages <strong>of</strong> the written Questionnaire<br />

Affordability is the primary advantage <strong>of</strong> written questionnaires because it<br />

is the le<strong>as</strong>t expensive means <strong>of</strong> data gather<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

Written questionnaires preclude possible <strong>in</strong>terviewer bi<strong>as</strong>. The way the<br />

<strong>in</strong>terviewer <strong>as</strong>ks questions <strong>and</strong> even the <strong>in</strong>terviewer's general appearance<br />

or <strong>in</strong>teraction may <strong>in</strong>fluence the respondent's answers. Such bi<strong>as</strong>es can be<br />

completely elim<strong>in</strong>ated with a written questionnaire.<br />

A questionnaire permits anonymity. If it is arranged such that responses<br />

were given anonymously, this would <strong>in</strong>cre<strong>as</strong>e the researcher's chances <strong>of</strong><br />

receiv<strong>in</strong>g responses which genu<strong>in</strong>ely represent a person's beliefs, feel<strong>in</strong>gs,<br />

op<strong>in</strong>ions or perceptions.<br />

They permit a respondent a sufficient amount <strong>of</strong> time to consider answers<br />

before respond<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

Questionnaires can be given to many people simultaneously, that is to say<br />

that a large sample <strong>of</strong> the target population can be reached.<br />

They provide greater uniformity across me<strong>as</strong>urement situations than do<br />

<strong>in</strong>terviews. Each person responds to exactly the same questions because<br />

st<strong>and</strong>ard <strong>in</strong>structions are given to the respondents.<br />

Generally the data provided by the questionnaires can be more e<strong>as</strong>ily<br />

analyzed <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>terpreted than the data obta<strong>in</strong>ed from verbal responses.<br />

Us<strong>in</strong>g a questionnaire solves the problem <strong>of</strong> non-contact when the<br />

respondent is not at home 'when the <strong>in</strong>terviewer calls'.When the target

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