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Book of Abstracts First Legume Society Conference 2013: A Legume Odyssey Novi Sad, Serbia, 9-11 May 2013 _________________________________________________________________________________________ OSCAR – a new European project on cover crops Peter Baresel 1 , Thomas F Döring 2 , Jan Henrik Schmidt 3 , Jelena Baćanović 3 , Maria R Finckh 3 1 Department of Plant Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany 2 The Organic Research Centre, Hamstead Marshall, UK 3 Department of Ecological Plant Protection, University of Kassel, Germany There is widespread concern over the damage caused by modern agriculture to soil structure and the ecosystem services provided. One approach to overcome this problem is conservation agriculture (CA) which aims to maintain soil structure by minimising soil disturbance, maximising soil cover and using crop rotation. However, despite recent legislation supporting minimum tillage and direct seeding CA is still practised on less than 4% of the agricultural land in Europe. This underlines the need for major improvements in the approach together with consolidation ofinformation about alternative cropping methods and their biological and economic value and performance.A new European FP7-funded project, OSCAR,is conducted by 22 partners and led by University of Kassel.OSCAR aims to Optimise Subsidiary Crop Application in Rotations.It extends existing knowledgeanddevelops novel cropping systems based on cover crops (CC), catch crops, living mulches (LM) and other subsidiary crops (SC). OSCAR aims to enhance the implementation and increase the duration of soil coverage, introduce diversity to the crop rotation and reduce the intensity of soil tillage. To maximise the potential of ecological benefits, both conventional and conservation agricultural systems are considered, encouraging a high level of innovation and offering a more immediate transfer into practical agriculture. The project encompasses the identification and selection of new SC and the development of adapted farm machinery for the various CC and LM species.OSCAR will enable a substantial number of growers in different regions to adopt CA methods and make a durable contribution to soil conservation. 229
Book of Abstracts First Legume Society Conference 2013: A Legume Odyssey Novi Sad, Serbia, 9-11 May 2013 _________________________________________________________________________________________ Annual legumes as green manure crops Branko Ćupina 1 , Aleksandar Mikić 2 , ðorñe Krstić 1 , Svetlana Antanasović 1 , Pero Erić 1 , Maja Manojlović 1 , Ranko Čabilovski 1 1 University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia 2 Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia There is a large number of annual legume species having an economic importance either on a world or local scale, such as pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) and vetches (Vicia spp.). All these crops are multifunctional and are used for both human consumption and in animal feeding. Apart from these various food and feed uses, annual legumes may represent a quality green manure, playing one of the most significant roles in organic farming and sustainable agriculture. In addition to their ability to increase soil fertility by a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixation bacteria, annual legumes are able to produce a considerable amount of aboveground biomass, also rich in nitrogen. For instance, aboveground biomass nitrogen yield in grass pea may surpass 300 kg ha -1 , while in lentil it is higher than 100 kg ha -1 . If cut in fool bloom, what in most years and in temperate regions occur in May, and incorporated, the aboveground biomass of most annual legumes have a longterm and beneficial effect on the productivity of numerous succeeding crops, such as silage maize (Zea mays L.) or sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench). Recently, there have been launched specific breeding programmes on annual legumes for their non-food use as green manure, aimed at developing cultivars with high and quality aboveground biomass and its faster degradation when incorporated, due to a decreased proportion of lignin and cellulose. Acknowledgements The projects TR-31016 and TR-31024 of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia 230
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Scientific Committee Michael Abbert
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Programme 9 Session 1 Achievements
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