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Book of Abstracts First Legume Society Conference 2013: A Legume Odyssey Novi Sad, Serbia, 9-11 May 2013 _________________________________________________________________________________________ The effect of legume cover crops grown in an olive orchard on soil microbial activity Ermelinda L Pereira, Margarida Arrobas, Isabel Q Ferreira, M Ângelo Rodrigues Mountain Research Centre – Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal Microbial biomass and soil respiration are major indicators of the soil biological fertility which can be affected by soil management practices. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the effect of three ground-cover treatments, imposed to an olive orchard, on soil microbial biomass and activity. The ground-cover treatments were: Natural vegetation (Nat veg); Natural vegetation fertilized with 60 kg N ha -1 (Nat veg +N); and a mixture of eleven self-reseeding annual legumes (Legumes) grown as a cover crop. The experiment was carried out in a rainfed olive orchard located in Mirandela, NE Portugal. Three years after the experimental set-up had been installed, random samples of soil were collected in two depths, 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm. The microbial biomass C (Cmic) was determined by the fumigation-extraction method; the basal respiration (BR) as the rate of CO 2 evolved in a 7 days soil incubation at 25 ºC; and soil organic C (Corg) by the Walkley-Black method. The Cmic:Corg ratio and the metabolic quotient (qCO 2), defined as the respiration rate per unit of biomass, were thereafter estimated. The values of Cmic and BR were significantly higher under the Legumes treatment in comparison with Nat veg +N and Nat veg. It seems that Legumes increased the C stored in the soil and promoted soil microbial activity, two soil quality factors usually related to the sustainability of the agrosystems. 233
Book of Abstracts First Legume Society Conference 2013: A Legume Odyssey Novi Sad, Serbia, 9-11 May 2013 _________________________________________________________________________________________ Tree nutritional status and olive yield after three years of the cultivation of legume species as a cover crop in an olive orchard M Ângelo Rodrigues 1 , Isabel Q Ferreira 1 , Paulo Dimande 2 , Ermelinda L Pereira 1 , Margarida Arrobas 1 1Mountain Research Centre – Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal 2 Escola Superior de Desenvolvimento Rural – Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Vilanculo, Moçambique Growing self-reseeding annual legumes in olive orchards may increase the sustainability of the cropping system by increasing soil organic carbon and reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizers. In this work, results are presented on the nitrogen nutritional status of trees and olive yields three years after the introduction of different ground-cover treatments in an olive orchard located in NE Portugal. The experimental design included three ground-cover treatments: Natural vegetation (Nat veg); Natural vegetation fertilized with 60 kg N ha -1 yr -1 (Nat vet +N); and a mixture of eleven self-reseeding annual legumes (Legumes). The experiment started in October 2009. The nutritional status of olive trees was assessed by leaf analysis, collecting leaves in July 2012 and January 2013 and determining the concentration of nutrients in leaves. In November 2012, the olive yields were recorded from eight pre-tagged trees per treatment. Nitrogen concentration in leaves and olive yields were significantly different among the ground-cover treatments. In July 2012, leaf N concentrations were 10.8, 11.9 and 14.1 g kg -1 , respectively in the treatments Nat veg, Nat veg +N and Legumes. In January 2013, the values were 12.6, 15.6 and 15.7 g kg -1 . The olive yields were 2.9, 5.6 and 8.6 kg tree -1 , respectively in Nat veg, Nat veg +N and Legumes. Three years after the establishment of the ground-cover treatments, the olive trees of the Legumes treatment showed a better nitrogen nutritional status and a higher productivity than those managed with natural vegetation even when they were fertilized with 60 kg N ha -1 . 234
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Programme 9 Session 1 Achievements
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