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Book of Abstracts First Legume Society Conference 2013: A Legume Odyssey Novi Sad, Serbia, 9-11 May 2013 _________________________________________________________________________________________ KEYNOTE LECTURE Understanding and enhancing the legume cropping environment CA Watson 1 , M Reckling 2 , A Bues 2 , T Kuhlman 3 , K Lindström 4 , D Murphy-Bokern 5 , S Preißel 2 , CFE Topp 1 , P Zander 2 , FL Stoddard 4 1 SRUC (Scotland’s Rural College), Edinburgh, UK 2 ZALF, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany 3 LEI Wageningen UR, 'S-GRAVENHAGE, Netherlands 4 University of Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland 5 Murphy-Bokern Konzepte, Kroge-Ehrendorf Lohne, Germany Legumes in farming systems provide a number of functions, not only the obvious ones associated with food or feed production. Grain legumes are grown as components of crop rotations, often providing a “break” from pests and diseases as well as supplying nitrogen to the following crop. They can be grown as either as sole crops or intercropped with cereals. Forage legumes can be grown as components of temporary pastures (leys) or as more permanent grassland. Apart from for seed, the majority of forage legumes are grown in mixtures with grasses, other legumes and forbs. In many cases more than one variety of a legume will be grown within the mixture to provide the desired forage characteristics. From a systems perspective it is important to understand the agronomic challenges associated with legume production and identify solutions to the factors that affect both yield and quality. These include a wide variety of issues from crop nutrition to weed control as well as issues associated with grazing management. However, legumes also have a number of impacts on both resource use efficiency and environmental impact not only during the production period but also on following crops. This paper will explore the agronomic and environmental issues associated with legume production in farming systems. 237
Book of Abstracts First Legume Society Conference 2013: A Legume Odyssey Novi Sad, Serbia, 9-11 May 2013 _________________________________________________________________________________________ Are durum wheat-grain legume and sunflower-soybean intercropping efficient solutions to produce legume in low input systems? Laurent Bedoussac 1,2 , Etienne-Pascal Journet 2,3 , Hélène Tribouillois 2,4 , Grégory Vericel 2,4 , David Champclou 2,4 , Nathalie Lande 5 , Eric Justes 2,4 1 ENFA, Castanet-Tolosan, France 2 INRA, UMR1248 AGIR, Castanet-Tolosan, France 3 CNRS, UMR2594 LIPM, Castanet-Tolosan, France 4 Université Toulouse, INPT, UMR AGIR, Toulouse, France 5 CETIOM, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France Intercropping (IC) - growing simultaneously two or more species in the same field - could increase resources use efficiency by interspecific complementarity due to species differences in aerial and root system architecture, in growth dynamics and to legume N 2 fixation. The main objective was to analyse the dynamic functioning of durum wheat-grain legume (pea or faba bean) winter IC and sunflower-soybean summer IC in order to evaluate their potential advantages for global yield, grain quality and N acquisition depending upon cultivars, species and sowing patterns. Experiments have been carried out in SW France : i) durum wheat-grain legume IC at INRA Toulouse since 2005 using a wide range of IC combinations (varieties and N treatments) and ii) sunflower-soybean IC at CETIOM and INRA in 2010-2011 with cultivars showing various precocities and differing row patterns. Our work demonstrates that IC is particularly suited to low N input systems (no or low amounts of N fertilizer) due to the complementary use of N sources for both winter and summer intercrops. Cereal-grain legumes IC grain yield was higher than the SC mean value and wheat grain protein content was improved. For sunflower-soybean IC, 2 rows of the earlier sunflower combined with 4 rows of the later soybean was the more efficient pattern. IC is also efficient to produce legume, which is sometimes difficult in SC. However, before optimising these systems, further research is still needed to analyse the effects of precocity, aerial architecture, row structure and N management. 238
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