Community Health Volunteer's Training Manual - Population Council

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Unit 5 Home Management of Minor Ailments Introduction Home Management of Minor Ailments In Ghana, most deaths in children occur in the home, and there is evidence that early and appropriate home management of basic ailments like fever, diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) or chest infection can reduce deaths in children under five. However, there are certain conditions that cannot be treated at home; therefore being able to identify and refer such conditions will save many lives. Also patients who default in treatment pose a danger to themselves and to the community because they do not get cured and they may transmit their infection to other members of the community. Unit Objectives Unit Topics By the end of this unit participants will be able to: 1. Treatment of Fever 1. Treat fevers 2. Treatment of Diarrhoea 2. Give oral rehydration therapy for diarrhoea 3. Referring clients 3. Refer patients to the CHO 4. Tracing defaulters 4. Trace defaulters Keywords and Phrases home, ailment, management, defaulters, referral, tracing Treatment of minor ailments Although it is illegal for volunteers to set up their own clinic practice and give treatment, during home visits a volunteer may be required to advise families on the treatment of common ailments. The common ailments include fever, diarrhea and chest infections. Topic 1 Treatment of Fever A patient has a fever if he/she feels hot or has a temperature above 37.5 degree Celsius. The most common cause of fever in Ghana is malaria. There are two main stages of malaria: uncomplicated (mild) malaria and severe malaria. All cases of severe malaria should be referred because the patient’s life is at risk, and he/she may die if not treated promptly and effectively. Babies, young children and pregnant women suffer most from severe malaria and can die if not treated early. Volunteers should advise caregivers, families and their community to refer severe cases of malaria to the nearest clinic or hospital if they have any of the signs and symptoms listed in Box 4.5.1. If the patient cannot reach a clinic or hospital by the end of the day and has not yet had any anti-malaria medicine, he/she should be given the first dose while travelling to the clinic or hospital. 213
Module 4 The work of <strong>Community</strong> <strong>Health</strong> Volunteers 214 Box 4.5.1: Signs and symptoms of malaria Uncomplicated malaria Severe malaria 1. Headache 1. Convulsion/fits 2. Sweating 2. High fever 3. Fever 3. Dark urine 4. Vomiting 4. Anaemia 5. Anorexia (loss of appetite() 5. Fainting 6. Chills 6. Dehydration 7. General weakness However, uncomplicated malaria may be treated at home with the drug, Artesunate- Amodiaquine (AA). To administer the right quantity of the Artesunate-Amodiaquine that the patient needs and to reduce side effects from the drug, it is important to weigh the patient, especially if he/she is a child. Your CHO will teach you how to calculate the quantity of the drug to be given to the patient. Box 4.5.2 lists the instructions the volunteer should give when administering Artesunate-Amodiaquine to a patient. Box 4.5.2: Instructions on use of Artesunate-Amodiaquine • • • • • • • • • Always make sure the patient has eaten before giving the drug. The drug should not be given to pregnant women in the first three months of pregnancy. Explain and demonstrate to the patient or caregiver how many tablets and when to take them. Make sure they understand your instructions. Let the patient or caregiver understand that the treatment has to be completed to ensure complete cure. The combined tablets should be taken by mouth in a single daily dose for three consecutive days. Let the patient take the first dose in your presence. Always give the two medicines at the same time. For children, advise the care giver to crush the tablets and mix with fruit juice or some sugar and safe drinking water. If vomiting occurs within 30 minutes, let the patient rest for a while and repeat the same dose.
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USAID UNITED STATES AGENCY I N T E
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© 2009 The Population Council, Inc
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Preface iv The Community-based Heal
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Acknowledgements vi The Ministry of
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viii MDGs Millennium development go
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x Module 4 The work of Community He
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Module 1 The CHPS Concept Module Ov
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Module 1 The CHPS Concept Topic 1 T
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Module 1 The CHPS Concept 16 Exerci
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Module 1 The CHPS Concept 20 Box 1.
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Community Health Volunteer's Training Manual - Population Council

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