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where is the total labor force in the economy. The human capital remaining in the source economy, in case of emigration under risk aversion is given by: Or: 3.1. Changes in Optimal Human Capital The variations of the domestic human capital formation in relation to are considered also important to be taken into account. These variations are analyzed using the first and second derivatives of that are respectively given by (Appendix, Demo 2): Under the condition , the second derivative of is negative implying that is concave and that the maximum of is obtained through the necessary and sufficient condition that is (Appendix I, Demo 3). This implies that the optimal value for the emigration rate is given by: ! ))! (4) (5)
The optimal emigration rate that can be obtained for the maximization of appears to be directly related to most of the parameters of the problem. It has to be noted though that the numerator should be positive in order to meet the conditions imposed on . This leads to the following restriction: . This condition implies that is the minimal value for the relative productivity or relative wage below which migration is not optimal. The above results are shown in Figure 2 where point A refers to the maximum of attained at . Point B corresponds to ii where starts getting lower than Figure II.1.3: Domestic human capital stock with emigration and risk aversion HR HRO 0 A m * Proposition 1: A net human capital gain (brain gain) results when the value of human capital, under different values of emigration rate, is superior to the value of the initial ii is the solution of the following equation: iii is the value of attained at with Net human capital gain ! *++! B m ** 1 m (6) Net human capital loss iii .
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F E M I S E R E S E A R C H P R O G
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What Can Be Learnt from the New Eco
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AMGA: American Medical Group Associ
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USA: United State of America WB: Wo
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medical doctors are then free to en
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elate to quality research and educa
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This may concern also EU countries
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discussed both in theory and practi
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EU are then described and discussed
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specialties. This study shows that
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with this trade. Special arrangemen
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into the developed countries; where
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them as follow: Cross-border delive
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In this regard, the EU is suggestin
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Given the importance of health care
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Serbia. Low wages, poor working con
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• How does tertiary education wit
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Driouchi & Kadiri (2010) are promis
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annual living costs per student. Th
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Lithuania 4.12 4.15 4.01 4.03 3.97
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Egypt 67.57 68.86 70.17 71.52 72.89
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observed externally from developing
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Relative Wages : MIN MENA / By comp
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No future, Heavy workload, to save
Page 49 and 50: one-year qualification apprenticesh
Page 51 and 52: Other European Countries Austria 4
Page 53 and 54: one medical university and studies
Page 55 and 56: includes a three-year vocational tr
Page 57 and 58: has 18 medical universities and stu
Page 59 and 60: général du Gouvernement to gradua
Page 61 and 62: of Medical Science, Bachelor of Med
Page 63 and 64: Egypt Iran 29463 31445 32134 25990
Page 65 and 66: major policies and strategies relat
Page 67 and 68: The aim of this sub-part is to prov
Page 69 and 70: • What is the role of mobility of
Page 71 and 72: Commonwealth of Independent states
Page 73 and 74: Dodani and LaPorte (2005) suggest t
Page 75 and 76: In regards to the mobility of Europ
Page 77 and 78: The general conclusions of these th
Page 79 and 80: Specific factors Impact of HIV/AIDS
Page 81 and 82: Portugal X X Romania X X X Russian
Page 83 and 84: Germany Italy Spain Lithuania Slova
Page 85 and 86: Italy (2%) and Russia (4) in 2008 (
Page 87 and 88: theory assumes perfect transferabil
Page 89 and 90: The data available suggest potentia
Page 91 and 92: This chapter deals with the migrati
Page 93 and 94: networks and on the major channels
Page 95 and 96: assumed here that emigration decisi
Page 97 and 98: Increases (respectively decreases)
Page 99: Figure II.1.2: The shape of H as a
Page 103 and 104: Figure II.1.4: Effects of the Level
Page 105 and 106: empirical investigation focuses on
Page 107 and 108: Table II.1.3.1: Country annual tren
Page 109 and 110: Table II.1.3.2: Country annual tren
Page 111 and 112: ! ! C/D>)! 01::! 0103! 5881::7! E#%
Page 113 and 114: "#$%&'!()*)+!Eurostat Database Abou
Page 115 and 116: Using these parameter estimates, co
Page 117 and 118: different websites for different co
Page 119 and 120: the theoretical values of the relat
Page 121 and 122: p-value 0.33 0.03 t test 0.99 2.25
Page 123 and 124: The following set of graphs are the
Page 125 and 126: The countries with higher number of
Page 127 and 128: Turkey (m*=0.41, m**=0.77) Yemen (m
Page 129 and 130: periods but should be concerned abo
Page 131 and 132: health report “Comptes Nationaux
Page 133 and 134: In accordance with the health insur
Page 135 and 136: 95 adults >15 years old per 100000
Page 137 and 138: To achieve progress in the health s
Page 139 and 140: The external problems comprise (1)
Page 141 and 142: first four hospital universities ex
Page 143 and 144: monitoring trends and economic fact
Page 145 and 146: Other support staff 6300 2.11 2004
Page 147 and 148: areas, the case of doctors who reti
Page 149 and 150: areas of Morocco. It is computed ye
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political instability, economic dep
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1. Gender VS Intention to Migrate A
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salaries differs according to the w
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Results The results are given below
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These results suggest that the numb
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Finally, the questionnaire records
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The past decades have witnessed an
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changed the notion of space, where
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implications on health, Huynen et a
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Figure III.1.3: Social stratificati
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Lee et al., (2007) primarily focus
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However, Collins (203) does recogni
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America. In Africa, where there are
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physicians from Liberia practice in
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Figure III.1.7: Migrant care worker
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espectively. An interesting particu
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Table III.1.5: Supply of foreign (-
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Table III.1.6: Health care wages in
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Figure II.1.11: Factors affecting h
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Figure III.1.12: Factors contributi
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Table III.1.10: International Quali
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health as integral to wellbeing thr
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III.2.1 Need for A cooperative Fram
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graduate spends of certain number o
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III.2.2 Migration of Medical Doctor
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The convexity condition is simply a
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• A payoff vector (ai)i S is said
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III.2.2.2 Discussion and Public Pol
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Europe. Second, in the North Africa
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In the short run, the country of or
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great incentive for medical student
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system, and therefore to the rest o
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MENA countries could be moving to p
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of their medical school. The other
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Beine, M., Docquier, F. & Rapoport,
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German Medical Association.(2011).
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World Bank Database, 2007. World Ba
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http://gse.buffalo.edu/org/inthighe
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Berland, Y. (2002). Demographie des
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Gericke, C.A. (2006). Finance healt
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Salehi-Isfahani, D., Tunali, I., As
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Beine, M., Docquier, F. & Rapoport,
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Docquier, F., Lohest, O. & Marfouk,
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Labdelaoui, H. (2010). Les dimensio
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Stark, O. (1991), The Migration of
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WHO - World Health Organization (20
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Linacre, S. (2007). “Migration: p
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Challenging Inequities in Health: F
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Mullan, F. (2007). Doctors and Socc
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Vujicic M, Zurn P, Diallo K, Dal Po
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Collins, T. (2003). Globalization,
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Kana, M.A., (2009). From Brain Drai
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Sagoe, K. (2004). Using the Diaspor
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Sub-part II.1: Appendix I Appendice
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means that So if , then: > which is
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A, B,C>0 and , , Then Demo 5: Sign
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t test 3.21788138 1.86856175 3.1713
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Lithuania Years m Relative wage H/H
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Romania Years m Relative wage H/H0
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MENA Countries Risk Neutral Model C
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Tunisia Turkey 1993 0.1781 2.50 1.9
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Syria Tunisia Turkey Yemen Stand.de
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Morocco Syria Tunisia t-stat (theor
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Risk aversion model summary table C
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Table II-2-1.2: Projections of the
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Observations 5 Coefficients Erreur-
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Figure 4: Age distribution within r
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Figure 11: Migration conditions dis
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! "(&!
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! "((!
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! ")+!
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! ")"!
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! ")$!
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! ")&!
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