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and incentives underlying emigration to EU, besides the analysis of the overall global and bilateral contexts. It also addresses the framework that supports the attainment of the win- win outcomes. The findings attained identify clearly the existence of shortages in medical doctors both in the North and South of the Mediterranean region. While some MENA countries hire medical doctors to cover their needs, others are suffering from losses of medical doctors. This situation does not differ from that occurring in Eastern and Central European economies despite the membership of some in the EU and the proximity of all to Europe. The findings show also that ECE share similar patterns with MENA economies and especially with North Africa and that their emigration patterns are under the same determinants. These include relative wages, medical education besides behavioral parameters. The study recognizes also that emigration to EU takes place even with the existence of restrictions related to the emigration of medical doctors from MENA and ECE economies. But, promising avenues for the enforcement of further global cooperation are identified. They can benefit from the series of collaborative frameworks developed with the EU and within the Mediterranean context. These cooperative models are of bilateral and global types. These could lead to negotiations that can place emphasis on medical doctors and their North-South movements. This is also facilitated by the global trend in health care and in movements of medical doctors under globalization of health under the support of World Health Organization (WHO) and other international organizations. The other facilitating element relate to the promotion of trade in services where health care besides education are important components. These results imply that medical education, as this is the area in the framework of the new economics of skilled labor migration that is the key factor in the mobility of medical doctors. The face of the coin is the medical research required to support higher medical education. Medical education and research are then considered to be the center of attraction of students but also of medical doctors from both North and South. The trained ! '!
medical doctors are then free to ensure permanent, temporal and circular migration depending on their perceptions of the opportunities offered in the North and South. This framework is consistent with the global health systems that have been encouraged by international and regional organizations including World Health Organization (WHO). It is expected that under the processes of open mobility, strengthened North-South cooperation in medical research and education within the framework of globalized health systems, each economy can overcome shortages and can ensure the attainment of the millennium development goals. This is expected also to ensure continuous and updated health knowledge that can further be an important driver for this collaborative framework. The findings of this research are submitted to a survey of around one hundred medical doctors operating in Morocco. These physicians recognize the relevance of the parameters that are behind the emigration decisions as suggested by the economic model developed in this research. They also confirmed the importance of medical research and education to promote the quantity and quality of medical doctors. The North-South framework of further cooperation in health through joint medical research and education is also identified to generate mutual benefits to both the European Union and its Mediterranean partners. The surveyed medical doctors recognize that these collaborative models exist but they are fragmented and scattered as they concern a limited number of medical schools and laboratories. They all call for a larger formalization and creation of a generalized framework linking North and South of the Mediterranean area. Within this process, the implications of the new economics of skilled labor migration applied to medical doctors are identified to create win-win outcomes that support both production and diffusion of knowledge besides its implementation in health care. The economic and social policies needed at the national and global levels and generated by the new economics of migration are then identified to accelerate North-South cooperation. ! (!
Page 1 and 2: F E M I S E R E S E A R C H P R O G
Page 3 and 4: What Can Be Learnt from the New Eco
Page 5 and 6: AMGA: American Medical Group Associ
Page 7: USA: United State of America WB: Wo
Page 11 and 12: elate to quality research and educa
Page 13 and 14: This may concern also EU countries
Page 15 and 16: discussed both in theory and practi
Page 17 and 18: EU are then described and discussed
Page 19 and 20: specialties. This study shows that
Page 21 and 22: with this trade. Special arrangemen
Page 23 and 24: into the developed countries; where
Page 25 and 26: them as follow: Cross-border delive
Page 27 and 28: In this regard, the EU is suggestin
Page 29 and 30: Given the importance of health care
Page 31 and 32: Serbia. Low wages, poor working con
Page 33 and 34: • How does tertiary education wit
Page 35 and 36: Driouchi & Kadiri (2010) are promis
Page 37 and 38: annual living costs per student. Th
Page 39 and 40: Lithuania 4.12 4.15 4.01 4.03 3.97
Page 41 and 42: Egypt 67.57 68.86 70.17 71.52 72.89
Page 43 and 44: observed externally from developing
Page 45 and 46: Relative Wages : MIN MENA / By comp
Page 47 and 48: No future, Heavy workload, to save
Page 49 and 50: one-year qualification apprenticesh
Page 51 and 52: Other European Countries Austria 4
Page 53 and 54: one medical university and studies
Page 55 and 56: includes a three-year vocational tr
Page 57 and 58: has 18 medical universities and stu
Page 59 and 60:
général du Gouvernement to gradua
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of Medical Science, Bachelor of Med
Page 63 and 64:
Egypt Iran 29463 31445 32134 25990
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major policies and strategies relat
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The aim of this sub-part is to prov
Page 69 and 70:
• What is the role of mobility of
Page 71 and 72:
Commonwealth of Independent states
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Dodani and LaPorte (2005) suggest t
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In regards to the mobility of Europ
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The general conclusions of these th
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Specific factors Impact of HIV/AIDS
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Portugal X X Romania X X X Russian
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Germany Italy Spain Lithuania Slova
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Italy (2%) and Russia (4) in 2008 (
Page 87 and 88:
theory assumes perfect transferabil
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The data available suggest potentia
Page 91 and 92:
This chapter deals with the migrati
Page 93 and 94:
networks and on the major channels
Page 95 and 96:
assumed here that emigration decisi
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Increases (respectively decreases)
Page 99 and 100:
Figure II.1.2: The shape of H as a
Page 101 and 102:
The optimal emigration rate that ca
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Figure II.1.4: Effects of the Level
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empirical investigation focuses on
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Table II.1.3.1: Country annual tren
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Table II.1.3.2: Country annual tren
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! ! C/D>)! 01::! 0103! 5881::7! E#%
Page 113 and 114:
"#$%&'!()*)+!Eurostat Database Abou
Page 115 and 116:
Using these parameter estimates, co
Page 117 and 118:
different websites for different co
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the theoretical values of the relat
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p-value 0.33 0.03 t test 0.99 2.25
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The following set of graphs are the
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The countries with higher number of
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Turkey (m*=0.41, m**=0.77) Yemen (m
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periods but should be concerned abo
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health report “Comptes Nationaux
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In accordance with the health insur
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95 adults >15 years old per 100000
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To achieve progress in the health s
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The external problems comprise (1)
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first four hospital universities ex
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monitoring trends and economic fact
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Other support staff 6300 2.11 2004
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areas, the case of doctors who reti
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areas of Morocco. It is computed ye
Page 151 and 152:
political instability, economic dep
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1. Gender VS Intention to Migrate A
Page 155 and 156:
salaries differs according to the w
Page 157 and 158:
Results The results are given below
Page 159 and 160:
These results suggest that the numb
Page 161 and 162:
Finally, the questionnaire records
Page 163 and 164:
The past decades have witnessed an
Page 165 and 166:
changed the notion of space, where
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implications on health, Huynen et a
Page 169 and 170:
Figure III.1.3: Social stratificati
Page 171 and 172:
Lee et al., (2007) primarily focus
Page 173 and 174:
However, Collins (203) does recogni
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America. In Africa, where there are
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physicians from Liberia practice in
Page 179 and 180:
Figure III.1.7: Migrant care worker
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espectively. An interesting particu
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Table III.1.5: Supply of foreign (-
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Table III.1.6: Health care wages in
Page 187 and 188:
Figure II.1.11: Factors affecting h
Page 189 and 190:
Figure III.1.12: Factors contributi
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Table III.1.10: International Quali
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health as integral to wellbeing thr
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III.2.1 Need for A cooperative Fram
Page 197 and 198:
graduate spends of certain number o
Page 199 and 200:
III.2.2 Migration of Medical Doctor
Page 201 and 202:
The convexity condition is simply a
Page 203 and 204:
• A payoff vector (ai)i S is said
Page 205 and 206:
III.2.2.2 Discussion and Public Pol
Page 207 and 208:
Europe. Second, in the North Africa
Page 209 and 210:
In the short run, the country of or
Page 211 and 212:
great incentive for medical student
Page 213 and 214:
system, and therefore to the rest o
Page 215 and 216:
MENA countries could be moving to p
Page 217 and 218:
of their medical school. The other
Page 219 and 220:
Beine, M., Docquier, F. & Rapoport,
Page 221 and 222:
German Medical Association.(2011).
Page 223 and 224:
World Bank Database, 2007. World Ba
Page 225 and 226:
http://gse.buffalo.edu/org/inthighe
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Berland, Y. (2002). Demographie des
Page 229 and 230:
Gericke, C.A. (2006). Finance healt
Page 231 and 232:
Salehi-Isfahani, D., Tunali, I., As
Page 233 and 234:
Beine, M., Docquier, F. & Rapoport,
Page 235 and 236:
Docquier, F., Lohest, O. & Marfouk,
Page 237 and 238:
Labdelaoui, H. (2010). Les dimensio
Page 239 and 240:
Stark, O. (1991), The Migration of
Page 241 and 242:
WHO - World Health Organization (20
Page 243 and 244:
Linacre, S. (2007). “Migration: p
Page 245 and 246:
Challenging Inequities in Health: F
Page 247 and 248:
Mullan, F. (2007). Doctors and Socc
Page 249 and 250:
Vujicic M, Zurn P, Diallo K, Dal Po
Page 251 and 252:
Collins, T. (2003). Globalization,
Page 253 and 254:
Kana, M.A., (2009). From Brain Drai
Page 255 and 256:
Sagoe, K. (2004). Using the Diaspor
Page 257 and 258:
Sub-part II.1: Appendix I Appendice
Page 259 and 260:
means that So if , then: > which is
Page 261 and 262:
A, B,C>0 and , , Then Demo 5: Sign
Page 263 and 264:
t test 3.21788138 1.86856175 3.1713
Page 265 and 266:
Lithuania Years m Relative wage H/H
Page 267 and 268:
Romania Years m Relative wage H/H0
Page 269 and 270:
MENA Countries Risk Neutral Model C
Page 271 and 272:
Tunisia Turkey 1993 0.1781 2.50 1.9
Page 273 and 274:
Syria Tunisia Turkey Yemen Stand.de
Page 275 and 276:
Morocco Syria Tunisia t-stat (theor
Page 277 and 278:
Risk aversion model summary table C
Page 279 and 280:
Table II-2-1.2: Projections of the
Page 281 and 282:
Observations 5 Coefficients Erreur-
Page 283 and 284:
Figure 4: Age distribution within r
Page 285 and 286:
Figure 11: Migration conditions dis
Page 287 and 288:
! "(&!
Page 289 and 290:
! "((!
Page 291 and 292:
! ")+!
Page 293 and 294:
! ")"!
Page 295 and 296:
! ")$!
Page 297:
! ")&!
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