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Slovakia Years m Relative wage H/H0 Theoretical gamma 1991 2.58% 6.45 1.46873477 1.64763385 1992 2.7% 6.45 1.4892406 1.67761783 1993 2.6% 6.45 1.4697677 1.64914115 1994 2.6% 6.45 1.47301471 1.65388147 1995 2.8% 6.45 1.51564259 1.71641074 1996 3.2% 6.45 1.60724349 1.85260619 1997 12.9% 6.45 4.6149567 7.36183927 1998 2.9% 6.45 1.53038935 1.73816948 H/H0 Theoretical gamma 0.75 H/H0 Observed 1999 2.2% 6.45 1.40069843 1.54907753 1.15 2000 2.2% 6.45 1.40302605 1.55242543 1.18 2001 2.3% 6.45 1.40953196 1.56179214 1.14 2002 1.7% 6.45 1.30212844 1.40889314 1.29 2003 2.1% 6.45 1.37338221 1.50991585 1.39 2004 2.3% 6.45 1.41819467 1.57428468 1.64 mean 1.67685369 2.03240634 1.298359092 st dev 0.84897248 1.53780104 0.193389725 p-value 0.33146386 0.03335169 t test 0.98965542 2.24698933 Years m Relative wage H/H0 Theoretical alpha 0.33 H/H0 Theoretical alpha 0.5 H/H0 Theoretical alpha 0.75 1991 2.6% 6.45 1.001828 1.03337717 1.136683892 1992 2.7% 6.45 1.001873 1.03463308 1.142071873 1993 2.6% 6.45 1.00183032 1.03344076 1.13695628 1994 2.6% 6.45 1.00183758 1.03364045 1.137811848 1995 2.8% 6.45 1.00192756 1.03622995 1.148949564 1996 3.2% 6.45 1.00208884 1.04160296 1.17231558 1997 12.9% 6.45 0.99596576 1.14649776 1.715733663 1998 2.9% 6.45 1.00195641 1.03711222 1.152762524 H/H0 Observed 1999 2.2% 6.45 1.00166139 1.02910768 1.118505644 1.15 2000 2.2% 6.45 1.00166754 1.02925644 1.119135442 1.18 2001 2.3% 6.45 1.00168457 1.02967119 1.120892749 1.14 2002 1.7% 6.45 1.00136892 1.02262105 1.091289199 1.29 2003 2.1% 6.45 1.00158665 1.02734714 1.111071301 1.39 2004 2.3% 6.45 1.00170685 1.03022109 1.123225746 1.64 mean 1.00135596 1.04033992 1.173386093 1.298359 st dev 0.00156157 0.03090919 0.157366412 0.19339 p-value 0.05439614 0.58187444 0.212921992 t test 2.01462061 0.5576188 1.276906321 ! "&'!
MENA Countries Risk Neutral Model Country Years m Relative wage Algeria Egypt Jordan H/H0 Theoretical gamma 0.73 H/H0 Theoretical gamma 0.25 1991 0.0094 3.14 1.0666 1.0173 1992 0.0099 3.14 1.0702 1.0182 1993 0.0104 3.14 1.0736 1.0191 1994 0.0103 3.14 1.0728 1.0189 H/H0 Observed 1995 0.0105 3.14 1.0746 1.0193 1.0286 1996 0.0097 3.14 1.0689 1.0179 1.1511 1997 0.0097 3.14 1.0686 1.0178 1.2208 1998 0.0160 3.14 1.1147 1.0292 1.2785 1999 0.0222 3.14 1.1608 1.0401 1.2977 2000 0.0281 3.14 1.2066 1.0506 1.3166 2001 0.0337 3.14 1.2509 1.0604 1.3361 2002 0.0390 3.14 1.2931 1.0694 1.3571 2003 0.0405 3.14 1.3057 1.0720 1.3793 2004 0.0418 3.14 1.3157 1.0741 1.3793 Mean 1.1531 1.0374 1.2745 Stand.dev. 0.1003 0.0230 0.1123 t-stat (<strong>the</strong>oretical and observed H/H0) -2.7295 -6.5780 1991 0.0901 3.68 2.0254 1.2136 1992 0.0798 3.68 1.8843 1.1911 1993 0.0719 3.68 1.7803 1.1734 1994 0.0565 3.68 1.5888 1.1382 1995 0.0554 3.68 1.5760 1.1358 1996 0.0527 3.68 1.5439 1.1294 1997 0.0640 3.68 1.6805 1.1555 1998 0.0619 3.68 1.6543 1.1507 1999 0.0567 3.68 1.5917 1.1388 1.0485 2000 0.0544 3.68 1.5639 1.1334 1.1316 2001 0.0552 3.68 1.5741 1.1354 1.1529 2002 0.0554 3.68 1.5767 1.1359 1.1740 2003 0.0552 3.68 1.5735 1.1353 1.1950 2004 0.0562 3.68 1.5853 1.1376 1.1950 Mean 1.6570 1.1503 1.1495 Stand.dev. 0.1429 0.0252 0.0553 t-stat (<strong>the</strong>oretical and observed H/H0) 11.4420 0.0327 1991 0.0796 2.38 1.3554 1.0580 1992 0.0838 2.38 1.3755 1.0605 1993 0.0826 2.38 1.3696 1.0598 1994 0.0795 2.38 1.3546 1.0579 1995 0.0828 2.38 1.3706 1.0599 1.0330 1996 0.0850 2.38 1.3812 1.0612 1.0651 ! "&(!
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F E M I S E R E S E A R C H P R O G
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What Can Be Learnt from the New Eco
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AMGA: American Medical Group Associ
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USA: United State of America WB: Wo
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medical doctors are then free to en
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elate to quality research and educa
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This may concern also EU countries
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discussed both in theory and practi
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EU are then described and discussed
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specialties. This study shows that
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with this trade. Special arrangemen
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into the developed countries; where
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them as follow: Cross-border delive
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In this regard, the EU is suggestin
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Given the importance of health care
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Serbia. Low wages, poor working con
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• How does tertiary education wit
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Driouchi & Kadiri (2010) are promis
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annual living costs per student. Th
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Lithuania 4.12 4.15 4.01 4.03 3.97
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Egypt 67.57 68.86 70.17 71.52 72.89
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observed externally from developing
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Relative Wages : MIN MENA / By comp
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No future, Heavy workload, to save
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one-year qualification apprenticesh
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Other European Countries Austria 4
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one medical university and studies
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includes a three-year vocational tr
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has 18 medical universities and stu
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général du Gouvernement to gradua
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of Medical Science, Bachelor of Med
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Egypt Iran 29463 31445 32134 25990
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major policies and strategies relat
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The aim of this sub-part is to prov
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• What is the role of mobility of
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Commonwealth of Independent states
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Dodani and LaPorte (2005) suggest t
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In regards to the mobility of Europ
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The general conclusions of these th
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Specific factors Impact of HIV/AIDS
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Portugal X X Romania X X X Russian
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Germany Italy Spain Lithuania Slova
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Italy (2%) and Russia (4) in 2008 (
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theory assumes perfect transferabil
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The data available suggest potentia
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This chapter deals with the migrati
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networks and on the major channels
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assumed here that emigration decisi
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Increases (respectively decreases)
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Figure II.1.2: The shape of H as a
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The optimal emigration rate that ca
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Figure II.1.4: Effects of the Level
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empirical investigation focuses on
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Table II.1.3.1: Country annual tren
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Table II.1.3.2: Country annual tren
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! ! C/D>)! 01::! 0103! 5881::7! E#%
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"#$%&'!()*)+!Eurostat Database Abou
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Using these parameter estimates, co
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different websites for different co
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the theoretical values of the relat
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p-value 0.33 0.03 t test 0.99 2.25
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The following set of graphs are the
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The countries with higher number of
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Turkey (m*=0.41, m**=0.77) Yemen (m
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periods but should be concerned abo
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health report “Comptes Nationaux
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In accordance with the health insur
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95 adults >15 years old per 100000
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To achieve progress in the health s
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The external problems comprise (1)
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first four hospital universities ex
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monitoring trends and economic fact
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Other support staff 6300 2.11 2004
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areas, the case of doctors who reti
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areas of Morocco. It is computed ye
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political instability, economic dep
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1. Gender VS Intention to Migrate A
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salaries differs according to the w
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Results The results are given below
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These results suggest that the numb
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Finally, the questionnaire records
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The past decades have witnessed an
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changed the notion of space, where
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implications on health, Huynen et a
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Figure III.1.3: Social stratificati
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Lee et al., (2007) primarily focus
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However, Collins (203) does recogni
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America. In Africa, where there are
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physicians from Liberia practice in
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Figure III.1.7: Migrant care worker
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espectively. An interesting particu
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Table III.1.5: Supply of foreign (-
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Table III.1.6: Health care wages in
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Figure II.1.11: Factors affecting h
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Figure III.1.12: Factors contributi
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Table III.1.10: International Quali
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health as integral to wellbeing thr
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III.2.1 Need for A cooperative Fram
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graduate spends of certain number o
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III.2.2 Migration of Medical Doctor
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The convexity condition is simply a
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• A payoff vector (ai)i S is said
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III.2.2.2 Discussion and Public Pol
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Europe. Second, in the North Africa
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In the short run, the country of or
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great incentive for medical student
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system, and therefore to the rest o
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MENA countries could be moving to p
Page 217 and 218: of their medical school. The other
Page 219 and 220: Beine, M., Docquier, F. & Rapoport,
Page 221 and 222: German Medical Association.(2011).
Page 223 and 224: World Bank Database, 2007. World Ba
Page 225 and 226: http://gse.buffalo.edu/org/inthighe
Page 227 and 228: Berland, Y. (2002). Demographie des
Page 229 and 230: Gericke, C.A. (2006). Finance healt
Page 231 and 232: Salehi-Isfahani, D., Tunali, I., As
Page 233 and 234: Beine, M., Docquier, F. & Rapoport,
Page 235 and 236: Docquier, F., Lohest, O. & Marfouk,
Page 237 and 238: Labdelaoui, H. (2010). Les dimensio
Page 239 and 240: Stark, O. (1991), The Migration of
Page 241 and 242: WHO - World Health Organization (20
Page 243 and 244: Linacre, S. (2007). “Migration: p
Page 245 and 246: Challenging Inequities in Health: F
Page 247 and 248: Mullan, F. (2007). Doctors and Socc
Page 249 and 250: Vujicic M, Zurn P, Diallo K, Dal Po
Page 251 and 252: Collins, T. (2003). Globalization,
Page 253 and 254: Kana, M.A., (2009). From Brain Drai
Page 255 and 256: Sagoe, K. (2004). Using the Diaspor
Page 257 and 258: Sub-part II.1: Appendix I Appendice
Page 259 and 260: means that So if , then: > which is
Page 261 and 262: A, B,C>0 and , , Then Demo 5: Sign
Page 263 and 264: t test 3.21788138 1.86856175 3.1713
Page 265 and 266: Lithuania Years m Relative wage H/H
Page 267: Romania Years m Relative wage H/H0
Page 271 and 272: Tunisia Turkey 1993 0.1781 2.50 1.9
Page 273 and 274: Syria Tunisia Turkey Yemen Stand.de
Page 275 and 276: Morocco Syria Tunisia t-stat (theor
Page 277 and 278: Risk aversion model summary table C
Page 279 and 280: Table II-2-1.2: Projections of the
Page 281 and 282: Observations 5 Coefficients Erreur-
Page 283 and 284: Figure 4: Age distribution within r
Page 285 and 286: Figure 11: Migration conditions dis
Page 287 and 288: ! "(&!
Page 289 and 290: ! "((!
Page 291 and 292: ! ")+!
Page 293 and 294: ! ")"!
Page 295 and 296: ! ")$!
Page 297: ! ")&!
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