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I.3.5 Policy and regulatory interventions
This section describes the regulations of medical doctors, international recruitment
policies, and cross border frameworks (bilateral agreements).
Within the EU, responsibility for licensing/authorization for independent medical practice
generally lies with the Ministry of Health and only a few countries the licensing lie with
an independent professional body. In many countries, while the licensed is issued under
the Minister’s signature, membership or registration with an independent professional
Chamber, Order, College or Council is an additional precondition for practice as a doctor,
and compulsory membership with these bodies is imposed by laws as a condition to
practice. In some countries, (Austria, France, Ireland, Slovakia, and United Kingdom),
licensing/authorization is directly responsibility of totally independent chamber (See
Table I.3.5.1). Only in UK and Ireland, the Councils are also responsible for the
supervision of all medical education.
Table I.3.5.1: Licenses, institutions and registrations in Europe
Country
Basic license
Institution Registration
Ministry of Delegation Delegation Chambre/order Required
Health or Dependent independent
Education body
body
Albania X X 1
X**
Armenia X
Austria X X X*
Azerbaijan X X
Belgium X X X* (A)
Bulgaria X (1) X*
Croatia X X X
Czech Republic X X(2) X
Denmark X(3)
Finland X(3) X(B)
France X X
Georgia X X(4) X(3)
Germany X* X*
Greece X* X*
Hungary X X
Iceland X
Ireland X
Italy
Kazakhstan
Kyrgzystan
X X X*
Latvia X X
Lithuania
Luxembourg
X(6)
Macedonia X X
Malta
Netherlands
X(7) X
Norway X(8) X(9)
Poland X X*
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