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Docquier, F. & Rapoport, H. (2003). Ethnic Discrimination and the Migration of Skilled Labor. Journal of Development Economics, 70(1), 159-72. Docquier, F. & Rapoport, H. (2005). How Does Skilled Emigration Affect Developing Countries? Facts, Theory and Policy.” Paper prepared for presentation at the G-20 workshop on “Demographic challenges and migration”, Sydney. Docquier, F., Lohest, O. & Marfouk, A. (2005). Brain Drain in Developing Region (1990-2000). IZA DP No. 1668. Docquier, F. & Sekkat, K. (2006). The Brain Drain: What Do We Know? Agence Française de Développement, working paper 31. Docquier, F., Lowell, L. & Marfouk, A. (2007). A Gendered Assessment of the Brain Drain. Université catholique de Louvain. Docquier, F. & Rapoport, H. (2007). Skilled migration: The Perspective of Developing Countries.” Université catholique de Louvain. Docquier, F., Lohest, O. & Marfouk, A. (2007). Brain Drain in Developing Countries. The World Bank Economic Review, 1–26. Docquier, F. & Rapoport, H. (2009). Documenting the Brain Drain of «la Crème de la Crème»: Three Case-Studies on International Migration at the Upper Tail of the Education Distribution. Discussion Papers (IRES - Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales) 2009031, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES). Driouchi, A., Baudassé, T., Zouag, N. & Boboc, C. (2009). New Economics of Skilled Labor Migration with Risk Aversion: A Theory and Preliminary Empirical Evidence. International Journal of Economics, 3(1). Driouchi, A., M.Kadiri (2010). Emigration of Skilled Labor under Risk Aversion: The Case of Medical Doctors from Middle Eastern and North African Economies, MPRA, University of Munich. Eyal, N. & Hurst, S.A. (2008). Physician Brain Drain: Can Nothing Be Done? Public Health Ethics, 1(2). 73-82. Fullenkamp, C., Tenorio, R. & Battalio, R. (2003). Assessing Individual Risk Attitudes using Field Data from Lottery Games. Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(1), 218-26 Garoupa, N. (2006). Regulation of legal and medical professions in the US and Europe: A comparative analysis. Fundacion de Estudios de Economia Aplicads. Retrieved June 7th, 2011 from http://www.fedea.es/pub/papers/2006/dt2006-11.pdf ! "*)!
German Medical Association.(2011). On the Internet at http://www.bundesaerztekammer.de/page.asp?his=4.3573 (visited June 08, 2011 ). Harris, B., Floud, R., Fogel, R. & Chul Hong, S. (2010). Diet, Health and Work Intensity in England and Wales, 1700-1914. NBER Working Papers 15875, National Bureau of Economic Research. Harrison, G. W., Lau, M.I. & Rutström, E. E. (2007). Estimating Risk Attitudes in Denmark: A Field Experiment. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Blackwell Publishing, 109(2), 341-368. Hartley, R., Lanot, G. & Walker, I. (2005). Who Really Wants to be a Millionaire: Estimates of Risk Aversion from Game Show Data. Working Paper, Department of Economics, University of Warwick. Herrick, DM. (2007). Medical Tourism: Global Competition in Health Care. National Center for Policy Analysis. Retrieved June 7th, 2011 from http://www.unf.edu/brooks/center/pdfs/Medical%20Tourism%20Herrick.pdf Huish, R. (2009). How Cuba's Latin American School of Medicine challenges the ethics of physician migration. Social Science & Medicine, 69(3), 301-304. ILO (2006): Labor productivity and unit labor costs (2006). Key indicators of the labor market. International Labor Organization. Kaushik, M., Jaiswal, A., Shah, N. & Mahal, A. (2008). High-end physician migration from India. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 86(1), 40-45. Kaushik, M., Roy, A., Bang, A.A., Mahal, A.(2008). Quality of medical training and emigration of physicians from India. BioMed Central Health Services Research. Retrieved from http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2637864;jsessionid=46C36EE647FFF92110ED61FE ADBBC6EC.jvm1 Lodigiani, E. (2009). Diaspora Externalities as a Cornerstone of the New Brain Drain Literature. CREA Discussion Paper Series 09-03, Center for Research in Economic Analysis, University of Luxembourg. Maben Jill, Kasem Al-Thowini, Elizabeth West, Anne-Marie Rafferty (2010): Uneven development: Comparing the indigenous health care workforcein Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Oman, International Journal of Nursing Studies 47 (2010) 392–396. Mélanie Bourassa Forcier, Steven Simoens and Antonio Giuffrida (2004): Impact, regulation and health policy implications of physician, Human Resources for Health 2004, 2:12 Moullan, Y. (2009). Can Health Foreign Assistance Break the Medical Brain Drain ? University of Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne Working Papers. Retrieved from ! ""+!
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F E M I S E R E S E A R C H P R O G
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What Can Be Learnt from the New Eco
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AMGA: American Medical Group Associ
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USA: United State of America WB: Wo
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medical doctors are then free to en
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elate to quality research and educa
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This may concern also EU countries
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discussed both in theory and practi
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EU are then described and discussed
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specialties. This study shows that
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with this trade. Special arrangemen
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into the developed countries; where
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them as follow: Cross-border delive
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In this regard, the EU is suggestin
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Given the importance of health care
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Serbia. Low wages, poor working con
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• How does tertiary education wit
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Driouchi & Kadiri (2010) are promis
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annual living costs per student. Th
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Lithuania 4.12 4.15 4.01 4.03 3.97
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Egypt 67.57 68.86 70.17 71.52 72.89
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observed externally from developing
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Relative Wages : MIN MENA / By comp
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No future, Heavy workload, to save
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one-year qualification apprenticesh
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Other European Countries Austria 4
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one medical university and studies
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includes a three-year vocational tr
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has 18 medical universities and stu
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général du Gouvernement to gradua
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of Medical Science, Bachelor of Med
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Egypt Iran 29463 31445 32134 25990
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major policies and strategies relat
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The aim of this sub-part is to prov
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• What is the role of mobility of
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Commonwealth of Independent states
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Dodani and LaPorte (2005) suggest t
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In regards to the mobility of Europ
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The general conclusions of these th
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Specific factors Impact of HIV/AIDS
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Portugal X X Romania X X X Russian
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Germany Italy Spain Lithuania Slova
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Italy (2%) and Russia (4) in 2008 (
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theory assumes perfect transferabil
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The data available suggest potentia
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This chapter deals with the migrati
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networks and on the major channels
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assumed here that emigration decisi
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Increases (respectively decreases)
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Figure II.1.2: The shape of H as a
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The optimal emigration rate that ca
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Figure II.1.4: Effects of the Level
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empirical investigation focuses on
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Table II.1.3.1: Country annual tren
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Table II.1.3.2: Country annual tren
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! ! C/D>)! 01::! 0103! 5881::7! E#%
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"#$%&'!()*)+!Eurostat Database Abou
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Using these parameter estimates, co
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different websites for different co
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the theoretical values of the relat
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p-value 0.33 0.03 t test 0.99 2.25
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The following set of graphs are the
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The countries with higher number of
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Turkey (m*=0.41, m**=0.77) Yemen (m
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periods but should be concerned abo
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health report “Comptes Nationaux
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In accordance with the health insur
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95 adults >15 years old per 100000
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To achieve progress in the health s
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The external problems comprise (1)
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first four hospital universities ex
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monitoring trends and economic fact
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Other support staff 6300 2.11 2004
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areas, the case of doctors who reti
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areas of Morocco. It is computed ye
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political instability, economic dep
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1. Gender VS Intention to Migrate A
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salaries differs according to the w
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Results The results are given below
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These results suggest that the numb
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Finally, the questionnaire records
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The past decades have witnessed an
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changed the notion of space, where
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implications on health, Huynen et a
Page 169 and 170: Figure III.1.3: Social stratificati
Page 171 and 172: Lee et al., (2007) primarily focus
Page 173 and 174: However, Collins (203) does recogni
Page 175 and 176: America. In Africa, where there are
Page 177 and 178: physicians from Liberia practice in
Page 179 and 180: Figure III.1.7: Migrant care worker
Page 181 and 182: espectively. An interesting particu
Page 183 and 184: Table III.1.5: Supply of foreign (-
Page 185 and 186: Table III.1.6: Health care wages in
Page 187 and 188: Figure II.1.11: Factors affecting h
Page 189 and 190: Figure III.1.12: Factors contributi
Page 191 and 192: Table III.1.10: International Quali
Page 193 and 194: health as integral to wellbeing thr
Page 195 and 196: III.2.1 Need for A cooperative Fram
Page 197 and 198: graduate spends of certain number o
Page 199 and 200: III.2.2 Migration of Medical Doctor
Page 201 and 202: The convexity condition is simply a
Page 203 and 204: • A payoff vector (ai)i S is said
Page 205 and 206: III.2.2.2 Discussion and Public Pol
Page 207 and 208: Europe. Second, in the North Africa
Page 209 and 210: In the short run, the country of or
Page 211 and 212: great incentive for medical student
Page 213 and 214: system, and therefore to the rest o
Page 215 and 216: MENA countries could be moving to p
Page 217 and 218: of their medical school. The other
Page 219: Beine, M., Docquier, F. & Rapoport,
Page 223 and 224: World Bank Database, 2007. World Ba
Page 225 and 226: http://gse.buffalo.edu/org/inthighe
Page 227 and 228: Berland, Y. (2002). Demographie des
Page 229 and 230: Gericke, C.A. (2006). Finance healt
Page 231 and 232: Salehi-Isfahani, D., Tunali, I., As
Page 233 and 234: Beine, M., Docquier, F. & Rapoport,
Page 235 and 236: Docquier, F., Lohest, O. & Marfouk,
Page 237 and 238: Labdelaoui, H. (2010). Les dimensio
Page 239 and 240: Stark, O. (1991), The Migration of
Page 241 and 242: WHO - World Health Organization (20
Page 243 and 244: Linacre, S. (2007). “Migration: p
Page 245 and 246: Challenging Inequities in Health: F
Page 247 and 248: Mullan, F. (2007). Doctors and Socc
Page 249 and 250: Vujicic M, Zurn P, Diallo K, Dal Po
Page 251 and 252: Collins, T. (2003). Globalization,
Page 253 and 254: Kana, M.A., (2009). From Brain Drai
Page 255 and 256: Sagoe, K. (2004). Using the Diaspor
Page 257 and 258: Sub-part II.1: Appendix I Appendice
Page 259 and 260: means that So if , then: > which is
Page 261 and 262: A, B,C>0 and , , Then Demo 5: Sign
Page 263 and 264: t test 3.21788138 1.86856175 3.1713
Page 265 and 266: Lithuania Years m Relative wage H/H
Page 267 and 268: Romania Years m Relative wage H/H0
Page 269 and 270: MENA Countries Risk Neutral Model C
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Tunisia Turkey 1993 0.1781 2.50 1.9
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Syria Tunisia Turkey Yemen Stand.de
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Morocco Syria Tunisia t-stat (theor
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Risk aversion model summary table C
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Table II-2-1.2: Projections of the
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Observations 5 Coefficients Erreur-
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Figure 4: Age distribution within r
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Figure 11: Migration conditions dis
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