Frenk, J., Chen, L., Bhutta, Z. A., Cohen, J., Crisp, N., Evans, T., Fineberg, H., Garcia, P., Ke, Y., Kelley, P., Kistnasamy, B., Meleis, A., Naylor, D., Pablos-Mendez, A., Reddy, S., Scrimshaw, S., Sepulveda, J., Serwadda, D., Zurayk, H. (2010, December). Health professionals for a new century: transforming education to streng<strong>the</strong>n health systems in an interdependent world. Lancet, Vol. 376, 4. Gaillard, J., & Gaillard A. M. (1997). Introduction: The International Mobility of Brains: Exodus or Circulation? Journal of Science Technology Society, 195 – 228. García-Pérez, M. A., Amaya, C., & Otero, Á. (2007). Physicians' migration in Europe: an overview of <strong>the</strong> current Situation. BMC Health Services Research, 7:201. Gillies, D.B. (1953). Some Theorems on n-Person Games. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. Glover S, Gott C, Loizillon A. Portes J, Price R, Spencer S, et al. (2001). Migration: an economic and social analysis. London: Home Office. Haffajee, F., & Hazelhurst., E. (2001, March). Dompas to Doorman, Financial Mail. Harstad, B. (2007). Do side payments help? Collective decisions and strategic delegation. CMS-EMS Discussion Paper 1452 - September. Hart, S. (2007). Shapley Value. The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition, edited by Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume, Palgrave Macmillan. Huynen, M., Martens, P., & Hilderink, H. (2005). The Health Impacts of Globalisation: A Conceptual Framework. Globalization and Health, 2005, 1:14. Kaushik, M., Jaiswal, A., Shah, N., & Mahal, A. (2008). High-end Physician Migration from India. Bulletin of <strong>the</strong> World Health Organization, January 86 (1). Ihekweazu, C., Anya, I., Anosike, E. (2005, May). Nigerian medical Graduates: Where are <strong>the</strong>y Now? Lancet, Vol 365, 28, 2005. International Labour Office. (2005). Migration of health workers: Country case study Philippines. Institute of Health Policy and Development Studies, Geneva. Kachere, P. (2008, August). Africa faces public health nightmare. Independent daily news, Issue 5. Labonte R., & Torgerson R. (2003). Frameworks for analyzing <strong>the</strong> links between globalization and health. Draft <strong>report</strong> to <strong>the</strong> World Health Organization, Saskatoon, SPHERU, University of Saskatchewan. Le, T. (2008). Brain drain or brain circulation: evidence from OECD’s international migration and R&D Spillovers. Scottish Journal of Political Economy (5). ! "%*!
Kana, M.A., (2009). From Brain Drain to Brain Circulation. Jos Journal of Medicine, Volume 4 No 1, Vol 4, No 1. Kirigia, J. M., Gbary, A. R., Muthuri, L. K., Nyoni J., Seddoh A. (2006). The cost of health professionals' brain drain in Kenya. BMC Health services research, 6:89. Kummervold, Per Egil, Chronaki, Ca<strong>the</strong>rine E., Lausen, Berthold, Prokosch, Hans- Ulrich, Rasmussen, Janne, Santana, Silvina, Staniszewski, Andrzej, Wangberg, Silje Camilla. eHealth Trends in Europe 2005-2007: A Population-Based Survey. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17.11.2008. Kyobe, S. (2010). Brain Gain: Making Health Worker Migration Work for Rich and Poor Countries. VSO Briefing: The Perspective from Africa. Labonte, R., & Schrecker, T. (2007). Globalization and Social Determinants of Health: Introduction and methodological background. Globalization and Health, 3:5, 2007. Lancet. (2000, July). Medical migration and inequity of health care. Lancet, Vol 356, 15. Le, T. (2008). “Brain Drain” or “brain Circulation”: Evidence from OECD’s International Migration and R&D Spillovers. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Volume 55, Issue 5, pages 618–636. Lee K. (1999). Globalization and <strong>the</strong> Need for a Strong Public Health Response. European Journal of Public Health, 9: 249–250. Lee, K. (2004). Globalization: What is it and How does it Affect Health? Medical Journal of Australia, 180: 156–158. Lee, K., Koivusalo, M., Ollila, E., Labonté, R., Schrecker, T., Schuftan, C., Woodward, D. (2007). Globalization, Global Governance and <strong>the</strong> Social Determinants of Health: A review of <strong>the</strong> linkages and agenda for action. Globalization Knowledge Network, 2007. Luce, R. D. & Raïffa, H. (1985). Games and Decisions: Introduction and Critical Survey. Wiley and Sons. Marchal, B. & Kegels, G. (2003). Health workforce imbalances in times of globalisation: brain drain or professional mobility? Working paper. Mahroum, S. (2005). The International Policies of Brain Gain: a Review. Journal of Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, (2), 219–230. Misau, A., Al-Sadat, Y., Bakari N., Adamu, G. (2010). Brain-drain and health care delivery in developing countries, Journal of Public Health in Africa, Vol 1, No 1. Mullan, F. (2005). The Metrics of <strong>the</strong> Physician Brain Drain, The new england journal of medicine, 353;17, October 27. ! "%"!
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F E M I S E R E S E A R C H P R O G
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What Can Be Learnt from the New Eco
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AMGA: American Medical Group Associ
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USA: United State of America WB: Wo
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medical doctors are then free to en
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elate to quality research and educa
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This may concern also EU countries
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discussed both in theory and practi
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EU are then described and discussed
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specialties. This study shows that
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with this trade. Special arrangemen
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into the developed countries; where
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them as follow: Cross-border delive
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In this regard, the EU is suggestin
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Given the importance of health care
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Serbia. Low wages, poor working con
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• How does tertiary education wit
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Driouchi & Kadiri (2010) are promis
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annual living costs per student. Th
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Lithuania 4.12 4.15 4.01 4.03 3.97
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Egypt 67.57 68.86 70.17 71.52 72.89
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observed externally from developing
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Relative Wages : MIN MENA / By comp
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No future, Heavy workload, to save
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one-year qualification apprenticesh
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Other European Countries Austria 4
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one medical university and studies
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includes a three-year vocational tr
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has 18 medical universities and stu
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général du Gouvernement to gradua
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of Medical Science, Bachelor of Med
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Egypt Iran 29463 31445 32134 25990
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major policies and strategies relat
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The aim of this sub-part is to prov
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• What is the role of mobility of
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Commonwealth of Independent states
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Dodani and LaPorte (2005) suggest t
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In regards to the mobility of Europ
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The general conclusions of these th
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Specific factors Impact of HIV/AIDS
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Portugal X X Romania X X X Russian
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Germany Italy Spain Lithuania Slova
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Italy (2%) and Russia (4) in 2008 (
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theory assumes perfect transferabil
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The data available suggest potentia
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This chapter deals with the migrati
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networks and on the major channels
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assumed here that emigration decisi
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Increases (respectively decreases)
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Figure II.1.2: The shape of H as a
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The optimal emigration rate that ca
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Figure II.1.4: Effects of the Level
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empirical investigation focuses on
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Table II.1.3.1: Country annual tren
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Table II.1.3.2: Country annual tren
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! ! C/D>)! 01::! 0103! 5881::7! E#%
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"#$%&'!()*)+!Eurostat Database Abou
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Using these parameter estimates, co
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different websites for different co
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the theoretical values of the relat
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p-value 0.33 0.03 t test 0.99 2.25
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The following set of graphs are the
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The countries with higher number of
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Turkey (m*=0.41, m**=0.77) Yemen (m
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periods but should be concerned abo
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health report “Comptes Nationaux
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In accordance with the health insur
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95 adults >15 years old per 100000
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To achieve progress in the health s
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The external problems comprise (1)
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first four hospital universities ex
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monitoring trends and economic fact
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Other support staff 6300 2.11 2004
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areas, the case of doctors who reti
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areas of Morocco. It is computed ye
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political instability, economic dep
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1. Gender VS Intention to Migrate A
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salaries differs according to the w
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Results The results are given below
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These results suggest that the numb
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Finally, the questionnaire records
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The past decades have witnessed an
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changed the notion of space, where
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implications on health, Huynen et a
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Figure III.1.3: Social stratificati
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Lee et al., (2007) primarily focus
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However, Collins (203) does recogni
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America. In Africa, where there are
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physicians from Liberia practice in
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Figure III.1.7: Migrant care worker
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espectively. An interesting particu
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Table III.1.5: Supply of foreign (-
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Table III.1.6: Health care wages in
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Figure II.1.11: Factors affecting h
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Figure III.1.12: Factors contributi
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Table III.1.10: International Quali
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health as integral to wellbeing thr
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III.2.1 Need for A cooperative Fram
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graduate spends of certain number o
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III.2.2 Migration of Medical Doctor
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- Page 205 and 206: III.2.2.2 Discussion and Public Pol
- Page 207 and 208: Europe. Second, in the North Africa
- Page 209 and 210: In the short run, the country of or
- Page 211 and 212: great incentive for medical student
- Page 213 and 214: system, and therefore to the rest o
- Page 215 and 216: MENA countries could be moving to p
- Page 217 and 218: of their medical school. The other
- Page 219 and 220: Beine, M., Docquier, F. & Rapoport,
- Page 221 and 222: German Medical Association.(2011).
- Page 223 and 224: World Bank Database, 2007. World Ba
- Page 225 and 226: http://gse.buffalo.edu/org/inthighe
- Page 227 and 228: Berland, Y. (2002). Demographie des
- Page 229 and 230: Gericke, C.A. (2006). Finance healt
- Page 231 and 232: Salehi-Isfahani, D., Tunali, I., As
- Page 233 and 234: Beine, M., Docquier, F. & Rapoport,
- Page 235 and 236: Docquier, F., Lohest, O. & Marfouk,
- Page 237 and 238: Labdelaoui, H. (2010). Les dimensio
- Page 239 and 240: Stark, O. (1991), The Migration of
- Page 241 and 242: WHO - World Health Organization (20
- Page 243 and 244: Linacre, S. (2007). “Migration: p
- Page 245 and 246: Challenging Inequities in Health: F
- Page 247 and 248: Mullan, F. (2007). Doctors and Socc
- Page 249 and 250: Vujicic M, Zurn P, Diallo K, Dal Po
- Page 251: Collins, T. (2003). Globalization,
- Page 255 and 256: Sagoe, K. (2004). Using the Diaspor
- Page 257 and 258: Sub-part II.1: Appendix I Appendice
- Page 259 and 260: means that So if , then: > which is
- Page 261 and 262: A, B,C>0 and , , Then Demo 5: Sign
- Page 263 and 264: t test 3.21788138 1.86856175 3.1713
- Page 265 and 266: Lithuania Years m Relative wage H/H
- Page 267 and 268: Romania Years m Relative wage H/H0
- Page 269 and 270: MENA Countries Risk Neutral Model C
- Page 271 and 272: Tunisia Turkey 1993 0.1781 2.50 1.9
- Page 273 and 274: Syria Tunisia Turkey Yemen Stand.de
- Page 275 and 276: Morocco Syria Tunisia t-stat (theor
- Page 277 and 278: Risk aversion model summary table C
- Page 279 and 280: Table II-2-1.2: Projections of the
- Page 281 and 282: Observations 5 Coefficients Erreur-
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