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of their medical school. The other countries are still concerned about the emigration of
medical doctors.
Finally, it has been shown that within the global health system that has been largely
demonstrated in this report, the free movement of medical doctors is not necessarily a
zero-sum game. It is more likely to generate positive spillovers on the sending countries.
The accumulation of human capital, via a sustained investment in education and research,
the improvement of institutions and infrastructure and the exploitation of the Diaspora
and its networks will eventually lead to promoting productivity and would, in the long
run, encourage “brain gain” lead to building a comparative advantage in the medical
sector in the sending country. Moreover, immigration of medical doctors benefits both
sides- the sending and the receiving ends. The receiving country does take advantage of:
(i) The extra high skilled medical work force to increase its R&D and economic activity,
(ii) The increased flows of knowledge collaboration and ties with foreign institutions
(iii) The increased enrollment of foreigners in the national medical programs, and
(iv) The possibility of exporting national technology and know-how.
When looking closely to a specific country (Morocco) of the MENA region, it appears
that local needs of healthcare are increasing. Furthermore, enhancements in quality of
health services are also expected. This is happening under the effects of demographic
changes, income enhancement and urbanization but also with the promotion of social
programs. While these demand side impacts are progressively increasing in the future, the
supply side is also diversifying the means of providing better services. In this process,
while medical research needs to be emphasized, the deficit in medical doctors is
considered on medium term, to be increased. Medical education and research are then
becoming central parts for satisfying the pressure from increased health demand. When
accounting for the emigration of medical doctors, the pressure of demand becomes even
more important. Away from health technologies that need continuous updating, human
resources and especially medical doctors and human expertise appears to be crucial. The
cooperative frameworks with other countries and mainly with the EU and the countries
composing it can be an important source for satisfying both the needs of the EU and those
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