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The countries with higher number of physicians per 1000 people enter later (for higher
values of emigration) in brain drain then the countries with lower number of physicians
per 1000 people. Lithuania and Czech Republic enter in brain drain region for the highest
values of emigration and they have also the highest numbers of physicians per 1000
people. In opposition are Poland, Hungary and Romania, which enter in brain drain
region faster and have the lowest numbers of physicians per 1000 people. This fact could
be easily explained by the fact that the countries which dispose by a sufficient number of
physicians, could “export” physicians to other countries which need this human resource.
b. MENA Countries
The following set of graphs shows how Syria, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt and Turkey and
Libya with low maxima for domestic human capital (0.29, 0.36, 0.37, 0.41, 0.41 and 0.54
respectively) can enter easily the brain drain region under increases in emigration or
reduction in education capacity. Countries such as Yemen, Jordan and Algeria appear to
be in different situation with relatively higher maximal values for prospective emigration
rates of medical doctors (0.69, 0.63 and 0.69 respectively). These results are confirmed
with the information on m** that shows lower values for the first set of countries and
almost the value of 1 for the second set of countries. Also, the maximal levels of
domestic human capital exhibits variations with the largest values shown by Algeria and
Yemen (8.00), intermediate values for Jordan (2.75) and Libya (1.45) and lower figures
for the remaining countries (Syria: 0.15; Morocco and Tunisia: 0.35; Turkey: 0.55 and
Egypt: 0.6).
Under the current trends of emigration (1991-2004) of medical doctors, maintaining the
current capacity for training of medical doctors can lead to net brain drain especially for
the countries with low m* and low maximal values of the domestic human capital. The
enhancement of the training capacity is a prospect that would account for these results
and for the observed emigration trends. This requirement is not as instantaneous as it can
appear for the set of countries with higher m* and higher values of the relative domestic
human capital. These latters could have adjusted their training capacity earlier but needs
to renew these adjustments through the enlargement of their training capacity.
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Figure II.1.4.2: Net Domestic Human Capital and Emigration of Medical Doctors per country
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