Kerala 2005 - of Planning Commission

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In the second step, the male and female indices in each
dimension are combined that penalises differences in
achievement between men and women. The resulting
index, referred to as the equally distributed index, is
calculated according to this general formula:
Equally Distributed Index=
[female population share*(female index) 1- ]+
[male population share*(female index) 1- ]
The measures the aversion to inequality. In the GDI, is taken
as equal to 2. Then the equally distributed index is defined as
Equally Distributed Index=
-1
[female population share*(female index) -1 ]+
[male population share*(female index) -1 ]
This gives the harmonic mean of the male and female indices.
In the last step, GDI is calculated by taking a simple average
of the three equally distributed indices.
Calculating the GDI for districts in Kerala
1. Computing Equally Distributed Income Index
First, per capita income for women and men are calculated
from the female share and male share of earned income.
The female share of earned income is computed using the
formula given below.
Female Share of
Earned Income
=
ratio of female to male wage*
share of female workers
ratio of female to male*share of female workers+
share of male workers
According to NSS (1999-00), the rural agricultural wage for
females in Kerala was Rs. 62.2 and for men, it was Rs. 94.5.
The wage for non-agricultural unskilled women workers was
Rs. 94.1 and for men, it was Rs. 131.9. We have taken the
average of rural agricultural wage and non-agricultural unskilled
workers wage for deriving a ratio of female wage to male wage
in Kerala. As wage data is not available by district, we assumed
the same ratio for all the districts. The share of female worker for
each district has been taken from the 2001 Census.
The estimated female share of earned income has been
used to compute the per capita NSDP of women and
per capita NSDP of men. These per capita incomes have
been adjusted for equivalent to PPP$ using the procedure
explained in HDR Technical Note.
The income dimension index for female and male
has been computed using the formula given above.
1/(1-)
These indices have been used to compute the equally
distributed income index.
2. Equally Distributed Life Expectancy Index
The female life expectancy at birth and male life
expectancy at birth have been estimated for the districts
in Kerala using the procedure explained in the HDR
technical note. In the first step, separate indices for
male achievements and female achievements in life
expectancy at birth have been computed using general
formula for dimension index. These dimensions indices
are combined to compute the equally distributed life
expectancy index.
3. Equally Distributed Education Index
In the first step, indices of literacy rate (7+) and gross
school enrolment ratio are calculated separately for
males and females. In the second step, the education
index for male and female have been calculated by
giving two-thirds weight to the literacy rate and onethird
weight to the gross enrolment index. Finally,
the female and male education indices have been
combined to get the equally distributed education
index.
C. Index of Deprivation
for Districts in Kerala
The index of deprivation measures the deprivation in
the four basic necessities of well being such as quality of
housing, access to water, good sanitation and electricity
lighting. The following indicators are used for constructing
index of deprivation.
a. Deprivation in Quality of Housing (d 1
)
This is measured through percentage of households not
residing in a permanent house. The permanent house
means the walls and roofs are made of permanent
materials.
b. Deprivation in Access to Water (d 2
)
The deprivation in access to water is measured
through the percentage of a household’s source of
drinking water is away from the house. In the case of
urban area, the drinking water source is considered
away if the source is located beyond 100 metres
from the premises of the house. In the rural area,