Kerala 2005 - of Planning Commission

62
4. Generalised Deprivation
It is also interesting to see the disparity among districts in
terms of the incidence of poverty in Kerala. However, it
is not possible to discuss the incidence of poverty at the
district level, since a more desirable approach would be to
examine the incidence of deprivation that is not based on
household consumer expenditure. Owing to unavoidable
constraints of data availability, therefore, we have had to
resort to assessing deprivation at the disaggregated level
of the district in non-income terms. Accordingly, we
have constructed an index of (generalised, non-income)
deprivation for all districts in Kerala. The index of deprivation
is based on deprivation in four basic necessities for
well-being, such as housing quality, access to drinking
water, good sanitation and electricity lighting (see
Technical Note to this Report on the methodology). Data
from the 2001 Census has been used for constructing such
a deprivation index. Deprivation in these commodities can
have a deleterious impact on human development and the
well-being of the people.
Table 4.3 shows this index of deprivation for Kerala by
districts in 2001 (and across social groups to be discussed
in the next section). The incidence of deprivation is
about 30 per cent in Kerala, within a range of 15.5 (for
Ernakulam district) and 46.3 (for Wayanad district), which
is significantly above the official head count index of
poverty. Wayanad, Idukki and Palakkad districts have
the highest deprivation indices of above 40 per cent.
Thiruvananthapuram, Kasaragod, Pathanamthitta and
Kollam districts lie below this group, with deprivation
indices of 30-40 per cent. Ernakulam district is the
only outlier, with the least deprivation of less than
20 per cent. Map 4.1 shows the spatial disparity in the
index of deprivation in Kerala. It appears, therefore, that
though there is no significant disparity with respect to HDI
and GDI, significant variation is found in the generalised
Table 4.3: District-wise Index of Deprivation by Social Groups, 2001
Districts SC Rank ST Rank Others Rank All Rank
Thiruvananthapuram 54.4 13 60.1 10 37.0 11 39.5 11
Kollam 47.8 8 50.7 5 27.7 7 30.4 8
Pathanamthitta 50.3 10 54.6 7 27.8 8 31.1 9
Alappuzha 45.9 6 40.1 3 27.7 6 29.6 6
Kottayam 42.1 4 43.1 4 23.1 3 25.1 3
Idukki 40.8 2 65.3 13 40.9 13 42.7 13
Ernakulam 29.3 1 37.2 1 14.0 1 15.5 1
Thrissur 42.0 3 37.5 2 21.9 2 24.7 2
Palakkad 52.9 12 65.3 12 37.1 12 40.4 12
Malappuram 46.2 7 56.8 8 26.5 4 28.6 5
Kozhikode 48.8 9 50.9 6 26.6 5 28.3 4
Wayanad 51.5 11 66.0 14 41.6 14 46.3 14
Kannur 43.8 5 57.7 9 28.7 9 29.7 7
Kasaragod 62.7 14 61.3 11 34.1 10 37.6 10
Kerala 45.5 57.9 26.9 29.5
Coefficient of Variation (%) 16.5 19.4 26.1 25.8