2010 ilerleme raporu - Avrupa Birliği Bakanlığı

accountability, efficiency and transparency of the budgeting process would benefit from a
modernisation of the public audit, while the adoption of the draft Turkish Competition
Authority Law would contribute to less opacity on state aids in public finances. The
unification of all tax administration functions under the Revenue Administration announced
earlier has not been implemented in full. This unification would strengthen the audit capacity
and facilitate greater use of standard risk-based audit techniques, thereby enhancing
transparency and providing significant support for reducing informality. Overall, measures to
increase fiscal transparency were modest.
Over the last few years, Turkey had successfully implemented a strong stabilisation
programme and the resilience of the Turkish economy had benefited from in-depth structural
reforms in many key areas, including banking, restructuring of enterprises and privatisation,
education and energy. Although the financial crisis has hit the Turkish real economy hard, the
earlier regulatory and supervisory reforms have paid off and growth resumed rapidly and
strongly. Turkey’s fiscal and monetary policy mix proved successful during the crisis and
adjustments are being made in order to benefit from the recovery. A new draft law
establishing a fiscal anchor that has potential for considerably improving the fiscal
performance over time, as well as removing the current pro-cyclical bias of fiscal policy, was
submitted to parliament in mid-July, but its discussion was postponed. Making more progress
with fiscal transparency, strengthening the inflation targeting and preserving financial stability
will be important to minimise the risks of a boom-bust scenario. Overall, although the current
policy mix has proved effective in recent months, macroeconomic stability remains
vulnerable and could benefit from a stronger fiscal anchor.
Interplay of market forces
The government has confirmed the independence of the regulatory and surveillance agencies.
But despite the regulatory framework, government authorities still tend to set the prices in
some key areas, including in electricity and gas markets, and to a lesser extent in
telecommunications and transportation, in particular in rail transportation. Liberalisation of
backbone services has advanced significantly and prepared the ground for several successful
privatisations in the energy sector. Indeed, Turkey continued its privatisation efforts in a more
challenging and crisis-prone environment. Total privatisations completed decreased from €4.4
billion (1% of GDP) in 2008 to €1.6 billion (0.4% of GDP) in 2009. A total of 106
transactions were completed in 2009. Ongoing major privatisations include the transfer of
operating rights for 52 small-scale hydropower plants plus the privatisation of four sugar
companies, electricity distribution in 13 regions and three ports. Overall, some progress has
been made on improving the interplay of market forces. Privatisation has advanced, albeit at a
slower pace due to the worsening external environment.
Market entry and exit
In 2009, the economic circumstances had a major impact on market entry and exit. The
number of newly established firms decreased by 10%, while the number of firms which were
closed down increased by 8.5%. Foreign owners still face restrictions in various areas,
including maritime transport, civil aviation, ground-handling, road transport, radio and TV
broadcasting, energy, accountancy and education. Licensing procedures are relatively lengthy.
For example, 25 different procedures are still needed in order to build a warehouse, from
securing licences and permits to completing the necessary notifications and inspections and
obtaining utility connections. Market exit is difficult too, as closing a business still takes 3.3
years on average. Moreover, claimants recover only one fifth of their claims from insolvent
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