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i P Figura2 - P rincipais províncias minerais susceptíveis à degradação state of the subsoil 80 o 70 o 60 o 50 o 40 o 30 o the state of the environment in Brazil 0 o 10 o 20 o 1- Bacia Carbonífera RS 2- Lavras do Sul 3- Minas de Camaquã/Santa Maria 4- Bacia Carbonífera RS 5- Bacia Carbonífera SC 6- Vila Nova 7- Pitinga 8- Seis Lagos 9- Rondônia 10- Alto Guaporé 11- Alto Jauru 12- Alta Floresta 13- Tapajós 14- Carajás 15- Itataia 16- José de Alencar 17- Seridó (Borborema) 18- Serrote da Laje (Arapiraca) 19- Rio Itapicuru 20- Rio Curaçá 21- Rio Jacurici/Campo Formoso 22- Jacobina/Itapura (Miguel Calmon) 23- Irecê 24- Chapada Diamantina 25- Boquira 8 Nb ETR Th Rio Negro Rio So Rio lim õ e s Sn 9 7 Sn Manaus Rio Madeira Amazonas 6 Au Mn Cu Belém São Luís U P 2 O 5 15 Oil 45 13 Fe Mn Au Au 16 Cu (Ni) mag NB Ta 17 Au 14 Be Sn W 12 Recife Cu Ni Co Au Zn Pb Cu 18 PO 2 5 21 20Cu 23 Au 19 Au diam Au 31 25 22 24 Ba Cr Au 34 32 Pb Zn 10 Salvador 11 Au CU 33 28 27 26 Fe Ti V(Pt) Cuiabá Au U mag BRASÍLIA 44 Au 30 gra 29 35 diam Au Zn Pb 36 Campo PO 38 2 5 39Li Be 37 Grande gems 43 Belo Horizonte 40 Fe Mn 41 Fe Ni Co Au Mn Au Rio 26- Jacaré/Fazenda Gulçari 27- Serra das Águas (Brumado) 28- Riacho de Santana 29- Pedra Azul 30- Lagoa Real 31- Almas-Dianópolis 32- Canabrava (Minaçu) 33- Niquelândia/Barro Alto 34- Crixás 35- Morro do Ouro (Paracatu) 36- Morro Agudo/Vazante 37- Rocinha-Lagamar 38- Diamantina 39- <strong>Brasil</strong> Oriental 40- Quadrilátero Ferrífero 41- O’Toole/Morro do Ferro 42- Vale do Ribeira 43- Urucum-Mutum (Corumbá) 44- Cuiabá-Poconé 45- Icapuí o raguai R a Tapajós Xingu Rio Rio Paraná Pb Zn Au Ag Curitiba Coal 5 Au 3 4 Coal 1 Cu Pb Zn 2 Coal Rio Araguaia 42 OCEANO Rio Rio Parnaíba São Francisco Rio de Janeiro SUBTITLES asb - asbestos diam - diamond gem - gems gra - graphite mag - magnesite ETR - rare lands Mineral deposit Mineral county/district ATLÂNTICO OCEANO ATLÂNTICO CARTOGRAPHIC CONVENTIONS Capital of state River 30 o 30 o 80 o 70 o 60 o 50 o 40 o 30 o 0 o 10 o 20 o Source: partially based on Dardenne & Schobbenhaus - 2001 operational for several decades, using the ore by-product Ore waste, rich in arsenium, was stored at the river side or disposed directly into the drainage system, causing severe environmental damage to soil and water Lead, Zinc and Silver Mines – Lead, zinc and silver mines of the Vale da Ribeira region (Figure 2 - area 42) were operational over a long period of time during the 20 th century, especially in the 1970s and 1980s The material resulting from lead metallurgy and refining processes was stored at the Ribeira riverside The last operational mines and refinery ceased their activities in November 1995 Cunha et al (2000) carried out research on the level of lead present in blood samples and arsenium in urine samples taken among children from Adrianópolis and Cerro Azul, in the state of Paraná, and in Ribeira and Iporanga, in the state of São Paulo Lead concentration in the blood samples was higher than the maximum accepted by the Disease Control Centre - DCC (1991) A lead metallurgy plant operating from 1960 to 1993, at the Sub riverside in Santo Amoral and Purificação in Bahia, has contaminated and is still contaminating everything – mangroves, fishermen, animals, vegetables, ground and children – with heavy metals, especially lead and cadmium in a 900 metre radius from the company’s chimney This occurs as a result of the random disposal of 490 thousand tons of waste Part of the Santo Amaro population is also being contaminated by the use of waste matter in street paving, embankments, gardens, patios, squares and school areas (Anjo 1998) 72
Figure 3 - Impact of gold prospection in the T apajós River Aggregates for the Building Industry – the number of illegal businesses related to this activity is considerable and worrisome Due to marketing factors, these minerals have to be produced in places close to consumer centres Thus, this activity is typical of urban and metropolitan areas The environmental impact of this activity is large and uncontrolled, causing the degradation of delicate ecological environments, such as dunes and mangroves, modifying natural river channels and landscape features In general, the ditches that result from this activity are used for the disposal of building industry waste or even as landfill (BRAZIL 1998) Gold and other Precious Minerals Prospecting – As production and marketing activities relating to prospecting tend to be of an informal nature, where legal, tax and labour obligations are avoided, the Brazilian government handles them in a distinct manner Prospecting is rather regarded as a social issue, thus a separate matter from legally organised mining Sedimentary plume Native Forest Clean water Active prospecting Degraded area Sediments in suspention = SS SS = 540mg/l water Hg in SS = 42mg/l water Hg carried = 4t/year Pollution plume More sediment added SS = 30mg/l water HginS=6,6mg/lwater Sedimentary plume comprises half of the water of the river Tapajós River Basin Amazônia - Brazil Source: Projeto de Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável no Setor Mineral - GSC/CPRM/CIDA LANDSAT = TM3,G = TM4,B = TM5 Kevin Telmer, Maycira Costa, 1998 the state of the environment in Brazil The environmental impacts of prospecting are common to all areas submitted to this type of rudimentary and predatory extraction activity Contamination of water resources is the main one As an example we can take the work of Telmer et al (1999) in the auriferous province of Tapajós, in Para (figure 2, area 13), where the volume of sediments in suspension in the Crepori River estuary (extensive ditches in tributaries, riverside and riverbed), carries approximately four tons of mercury The polluting plume also travels a minimum distance of 30km down the Tapajós River (Figure 3 - image) In Brazil there are several areas, located in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, where prospecting is a long-established activity (Figure 2) Recently, with the 73
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United Nations Environment Programm
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IPEA Instituto de Pesquisas Econôm
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GEO Brazil 2002- Brazil Environment
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presentation of the Minister of Sta
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UNEP Presentation Introduction to E
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These are aspects that provide moti
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Chapter 2 .........................
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8.9 Habitat Loss and Biodiversity -
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2.1 Precedents: Rio 92 and Agenda 2
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Overview ..........................
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list of pictures Chapter 1 Introduc
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The state of forests Table 1 Natura
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Table 8 Annual average growth rate
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Figure 6 Indigenous lands likely to
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introduction 1. IDENTITY AND TERRIT
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The underlying principle guiding th
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1.4. Report’s Structure and Conte
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The ANNEXES in the end of this repo
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2. Current Status and Perspectives
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An interesting system to define pos
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Some relevant aspects rise in the i
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What has been proposed as a mechani
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The second reason is the short term
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Concerning the rubbish, 90 percent
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5 Tourism Nowadays, tourism represe
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Criciúma, Imbituba and Tubarão pr
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the state of the environment in Bra
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The productivity of the North is hi
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quality of the post-larvae, and the
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level of sustainability Some have e
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activity was initiated in the late
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a tendency to decrease was observed
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presented at least two possible cau
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of the main marine fishing resource
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protozoans and helminths that can b
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c) Biological: dengue, yellow fever
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There is a great need for a governm
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The dry season, as a disaster, is r
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to cutting and burning forests for
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Hail causes great losses in agricul
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Accidents with Oil Spills The petro
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NORTH REGION The North covers nearl
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A lack of proper environmental awar
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SOUTHEAST REGION The Southeast Regi
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occurs in winter, and the minimum l
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growth rate and a slow down of this
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There were later relatively stable
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From that time on, demographic conc
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Map 3 - Migration balance 1986 - 19
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Table9-StructureoftheBrazilian indu
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34 Industrialisation and Spatial Re
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obstacle to credit access and to of
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most important action, therefore, i
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In the Brazilian metropolitan regio
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activities are more concentrated an
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Another biomass power source adopte
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ecreational activity In addition to
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115 Impact Indicators 1151 Health D
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US$325 million/year) This amount is
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Regarding the historical perspectiv
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In 1999, homicides ranked first in
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123 Infectious and parasitic diseas
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The state of health and the environ
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The state of health and the environ
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eassessment by North American healt
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indicating the organisms were alrea
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125Atmospheric Pollution Atmospheri
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Every year, landslides during heavy
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chapter 3 policies feedback
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policies feedback 1. Inheritance an
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However, CCZEE limited itself to im
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2. International Agreements Resulti
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policies feedback 227
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During recent years a few legal tex
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policies feedback 231
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Within the decentralisation issue l
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Because of these actions, concern f
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4. Sectorial Policy Responses and A
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criteria for the creation and manag
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Pantanal areas (www.bdt. fat.org.br
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populations, the maintenance of the
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4.2. Soil Governmental actions that
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a) To run a trend and stateanalysis
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as propellants for their aerosol sy
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4.2.3. Positive Impacts from the Us
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and São Paulo), or by elaborating
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possibilities of their use should b
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charging on productive processes as
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In general, the instituted model is
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4.4.5. Regulation It is demonstrate
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Parallel to the investigation effor
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monitoring and controlling forest u
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However, there are important knowle
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This total of 34.65 MtCO 2, during
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a) labelling programmeme to inform
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4.6.4. Specific Actions to Combat A
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4.7 Coastal and Sea Areas One of th
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4.8. Fishing The first aspect to be
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e) Creation of CEPED agencies - Aca
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Again, institutionally, a Secretary
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dissatisfaction by 50 per cent, by
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Urban environmental management also
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Despite being FUNASA’s direct res
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5. Challenges The government’s pr
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progressive lead Brazil towards the
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environmental management Overview C
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1. The Continuation of Environmenta
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Itajaí, and Florianópolis (SC), i
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Deforestation and cattle raising fo
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In the Pantanal Complex, native veg
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environmental management 305
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Chart 1-TrendScenario - Pressurre-I
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With regard to the plan for financi
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c) policies or actions that are not
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Desired Scenario - Impact-Response
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Table 1 - Deforestation expected al
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chapter 5 recommendations 317
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ecommendations decisive in the cons
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ecommendations d) Inter relationshi
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ecommendations c) that the governme
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6.6 Scenarios 6.7. Biodiversity and
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ecommendations 7.1. To reinfor einf
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ecommendations 8.3. Vulnerability a
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annexes es
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GEO Report - Statistical Annex - Me
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annex 1 - statistics - metadata ann
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annex 1 - statistics - metadata Sou
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annex 1 - statistics -metadata anne
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annex 1 - statistics -metadata B.7.
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A. Socioeconomic and cultural facto
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A. State of the Environment and Tre
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B. Socioeconomic and Cultural Facto
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B. Socioeconomic and Cultural Facto
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annex 2 - main economic and environ
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annex x 3 - biodiversity annex 3 Th
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annex 3 - biodiversity anexo 3 The
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annex 3 - biodiversity annex 3 The
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annex 3 - biodiversity annex 3 394
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anexo 3 - biodiversity annex 3 396
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annex 4 - compilation of brazilian
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anexo 4 3. BIODIVERSITY LAW 5.197 0
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anexo 4 DECREE 03/22/1997 Regulates
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colaboradores anexo 2 FIOCRUZ - Fun
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ibliografia ASSOCIAÇÃO NACIONAL D
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ibliografia _____. Governo do Brasi
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ibliografia CASTAGNOLLI, N. Aquicul
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ibliografia _____. (2002a).Centro N
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ibliografia EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE P
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ibliografia FUNDAÇÃO SOS MATA ATL
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ibliografia _____. Recursos pesquei
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ibliografia KAGEYAMA P.Y. SOUZA L.M
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ibliografia MACHADO, G.V. Estimativ
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ibliografia _____.; Secretaria Espe
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ibliografia PARANÁ. Casa Civil - C
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ibliografia REDE INTRAGERENCIAL DE
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ibliografia SANTOS, J. R., T. KRUG,
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ibliografia TRAFFIC. 2000. El merca
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glossary y of the acronyms glossary
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CESP - Companhia Energética de Sã
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IPT - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnol
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REVIZEE - Programa de Avaliação d
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GEO Brasil - UNEP

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