GEO Brasil - UNEP

the state of the atmosphere
the state of the environmet in Brazil
Figure2 – CO2 emissions from fossil fuels in theenergy system
GgCO2
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
F igure 3 -
0
from some industrial processes A study carried out by COPPE/UFRJ, for the Rio
de Janeiro Municipal secretariat for the Environment in 2000 3 , shows the energy
use possibility of methane produced in the leakage deposits and garbage landfills,
from its direct incineration This initiative is important because, although the
emissions of methane are smaller than the CO2 ones, a tonne of this gas has
Global Warming Potential (GWP) 21 times higher than a tonne of CO2 Besides,
the energy use of CH4 contributes to the reduction of the electric power deficit
risk in the system
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
CO2 emis s ions from thermoelectrics per region
Mineral Charcoal
Natural Gas
Oil
between 1990-94 4 , extracted from the
MCT emission inventory
Subsequently, in Figure 3, the
thermoelectric emissions are shown
Another renewable source that has
been losing ground in the energy
matrix, and consequently, resulting in
the increase in the emission of
movable sources year after year is the
alcohol This source was used as a
substitution strategy of gasoline with
alcohol, decided during the petroleum
crisis in the 70’s, to reduce the
dependence of its imports The Alcohol
Programme (PROÁLCOOL) had such
impact, that in late 80’s, alcohol car
sales represented 90 percent of total
sales, and about 5 million alcohol
vehicles circulated in the Country
(ROSA et al 2000) Further ahead, still
in this study, the PROÁLCOOL will be
seen in more details
7000
Table 1 displays CO 2
emissions from
6000
light vehicles for the gas-alcohol and
5000
for hydrated alcohol, considering the
GgCO2
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
South
Southeast
Midwest
Northeast
North
emissions of renewable energy, and
subsequently, discounting those
emissions between 1990 and 1994 The
calculation of the alcohol anidro part
contained in the gas-alcohol indicates
that 8416 percent of the CO 2
emissions
come from gasoline
5
Emissions Due to Energy Use
Concerning CO 2
emissions from energetic origin, the Country presents a
favourable picture, thanks to the structure of its energy matrix, in which the
renewable sources prevail As a consequence, Brazil presents one of the smallest
emission rates from the energy sector, in relation to the global GDP
In Figure 2, the introduction of fossil types of energy is shown for periods
It is possible to place alcohol in a more
general planning in fluid fuel and in
transportation sector, so that it may
even be used in public transportation,
relieving the pressure of diesel in the
structure of the Brazilian Refinement
and in the atmospheric pollution in
large cities (ROSA et al 2000) Diesel
oil is for the transportation sector a
more important source of greenhouse
4
For further information see http://wwwivigcoppeufrjbr/arquivos/f-efeito percent20estufapdf
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