GEO Brasil - UNEP

This total of 34.65 MtCO 2,
during the year 1990-91
corresponds to 17% of total carbon emissions from energy
consumption in Brazil in 1990. Considering only gas
substitution, the use of alcohol avoided the liberation into
the atmosphere of an average of 21.49 MtCO 2
a year from
1980 to 1990. Today, however, the survival of PROÁLCOOL
depends a lot in an adequate flow of foreign investments,
considering its global environmental benefits.
4.6.2. Program for the Control of Emissions by
Automotive Vehicles (PROCONVE)
Actions in the country with the specific objective of reducing
emissions from automotive vehicles date from 1976. That
year, the National Transit Council (CONTRAN), through
Resolution No. 507, established a control of car emissions
of gases and vapour. In the following year, by means of
Resolution No. 510, also of CONTRAN, standards for the
control of fumes by diesel vehicles were defined. Over the
years adequate conditions were created for effective actions.
These aimed at monitoring and controlling emissions
resulting from automotive vehicles, which included the
construction of laboratories and the elaboration of technical
norms. To ensure this the programmeme for the Control of
Emissions by Automotive Vehicles (PROCONVE) was
created in 1986.
PROCONVE was created through CONAMA Resolution No.
18, of July 6 th 1986. In 1993, by means of Law No. 8723 of
October 29 th of 1993, its legal base was strengthened. The
national co-ordination of the programmeme was under the
responsibility of IBAMA with technical support from
CETESB. Throughout the years, the programmeme has
undergone a series of updates, as well as an increase in
scope.
environment agency for use of alternative fuels. The
programmeme also established punitive actions of
collecting and the repair of vehicles that were found in
conditions that did not meet the production or project
standards 1 . Finally, the programme determined the
prohibition of commercialisation of models of vehicles not
certified according to its criteria.
It is important to highlight that PROCONVE constituted
one of the most effective instruments for the control of
atmospheric pollution from mobile sources in Brazil.
PROCONVE is being considered one of the most
successful programmes in the world.
The vehicle manufacturers have been meeting the
requirements determined by the programmeme and, since
its inception to 1999, the average reduction obtained in
emission of exhaust gases of light passenger vehicles in
RMSP was around 15.8% for CO, 15.2% for HC and 21.4%
for NOx 2 . However, the greatest reductions in emissions
are still to come due to the obsolescence of older vehicles
(pre-PROCONVE), with the possibility of reductions in
emissions reaching in 2010, 51.2% for CO, 45.3% for HC
and 46.3% for NOx 2 (data referent to the Metropolitan
region of São Paulo (evaluation of PROCONVE –
programmeme for Control of Air Pollution by Automotive
Vehicles, 2002 – available in www.lima.cooppe.ufrj.br/
proconve). It was considered that there would be
technological advances in light vehicles that occur
independently from the programme.
PROCONVE was developed with the reference of
international experience in the areas. The programme, since
its creation, established deadlines and legal standards of
admissible emissions for the different categories of vehicles
and motors, national and imported. The programmeme
established certification for prototypes and for production
vehicles and special authorisation by the federal
1
A identificação dos veículos em desconformidade com a produção ou com o projeto é possível através dos programas de inspeção e manutenção veicular. Estes
programas,a serem realizados em âmbito estadual, mas oriundos de ações do PROCONVE, permitem evitar a circulação de veículos usados que não apresentem os
sistemas de controle de emissões originalmente instalados e com níveis de emissão excessivos. Assim, representariam uma importante iniciativa para controlar as
emissões de veículos usados. Atualmente somente o Estado do Rio de Janeiro possui um programa deste tipo (detalhes do programa do Rio de Janeiro podem ser vistos
no estudo Programa de Inspeção e Manutenção dos Veículos em Uso no Rio de Janeiro disponível em www.lima.coppe.ufrj.br/proconve
2
Essas reduções se referem à Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (Avaliação do PROCONVE - Programa de Controle da Poluição do Ar por Veículos Automotores, 2002
– disponível em www.lima.coppe.ufrj.br/proconve). Considerou-se que ocorreria um avanço tecnológico nos veículos leves, independente do Programa.
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