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annex 1 - statistics - metadata annex 1 Comments Source Observations According to Reports of the Carbon Emission of Convention on Climate Change / MCT, calculations of CO2 emission of liquid, solid and gaseous fossil combustion were made based on a “top-down” methodology, developed by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), which considers that, once introduced into national economy, in a given year, the carbon contained in the combustible is either released into the atmosphere or retained in a specific manner (i.e., through supply increase), by use in non-energetic products or its own retention (partially inoxidated). In calculating the CO2 emission, a balance is made involving a domestic primary combustible, the liquid combustible import and internal supply variation of these combustibles. Ministry of Science and Technology - MCT. 52 CO2 emission / By gaseous fossil combustibles Unit 1000 t Concept Estimated volume of carbon dioxide emission (CO2) originating from natural gas and refinery gas. Comments According the Report on Carbon Emission of Climate Changes Convention/ MCT, calculations of CO2 emission of gaseous fossil combustibles was made based on the “top-down” methodology developed by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), which considers that, once introduced into the national economy, the carbon contained in the combustible is either released into the atmosphere or is retained in a specific manner (i.e., through combustible supply increase, by absorption of certain non energetic products or by its own retention partially inoxidated). In calculating the CO2 emission, a balance is made involving primary combustible domestic production, the liquid import of primary and secondary combustibles internal variation of such combustible supplies. Source Ministry of Science and Technology - MCT. Observations 53 CO2 Emission / By combustible liquid fossils Unit 1000 t Concept Estimated volume of carbon dioxide emission (CO2) originating from petroleum, natural gas liquid, fuel, kerosene used in aviation, illumination kerosene, diesel oil, combustible oil, lpg, glp, naphtha, tarmac (asphalt), lubricants, petroleum coke and other non-energetic petroleum products. Comments According to the Report on Carbon Emission of the Climate Changes Convention/ MCT, the calculation of CO2 emission of liquid fossil combustibles was made based on the “top-down” methodology, developed by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), which considers that, once introduced into the national economy, carbon contained in the combustible is either released into the atmosphere or is retained in a specific manner (i.e., through combustible supply increase, by absorption of certain non energetic products or by its own retention partially inoxidated). In calculating the CO2 emission, a balance is made involving primary combustible domestic production, the liquid import of primary and secondary combustibles internal variation of such combustible supplies. Source Ministry of Science and Technology - MCT. Observations 350
54 CO2 Emission / By solid fossil combustibles Unit 1000 t Concept Estimated volume of carbon dioxide emission (CO2) originating from metallurgic charcoal, vapour charcoal, tar and coke. Comments According to the Report on Carbon Emission of the Climate Changes Convention/ MCT, a calculation of CO2 emission of solid fossil combustibles was made based on the “top-down” methodology, developed by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), which considers that, once introduced into the national economy, the carbon contained in the combustible is either released into the atmosphere or is retained in a specific manner (i.e., through combustible supply increase, by absorption of certain non energetic products or by its own retention partially inoxidated). In calculating the CO2 emission, a balance is made involving primary combustible domestic production, the liquid import of primary and secondary combustibles internal variation of such combustible supplies. Source Ministry of Science and Technology - MCT. Observations annex 1 55 CO2 emission / By cement production Unit 1000 t Concept Estimated volume on carbon dioxide emission (CO2) originating from cement production, related to the production of clinker (a mixture of calcareous rocks and silicate ), cement’s main component. Comments According to the Report on Carbon Emission of the Climate Changes Convention/ CCC of the Ministry of Science and Technology - MCT, the conversion EF factor was used, clinker = 0.5071 which correlates the clinker production to the CO2 emission. Source Ministry of Science and Technology - MCT. Observations 56 Sulfur dioxide emission (SO2) Unit Gg Concept Estimated volume of sulfur dioxide emission (SO2) originating from industrial, chemical and petrochemical processes. Comments According to the Report on Carbon Emission of the Climate Changes Convention/ CCC, the method of calculating SO2 emission correlates, through emission coefficients, the gases emanating from the production processes with the quantities produced. Source Ministry of Science and Technology - MCT. Observations 57 Emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) Unit Gg Concept Estimated volume of nitrogen oxide emission (NOx) originating from chemical, industrial and petrochemical processes. Comments According to the Report on Carbon Emission of the Climate Changes Convention/ CCC, the method used to calculate NOx emission correlates, through emission coefficients, the gases emanating from the production processes with the quantities produced. Source Ministry of Science and Technology - MCT. Observations 351
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United Nations Environment Programm
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IPEA Instituto de Pesquisas Econôm
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GEO Brazil 2002- Brazil Environment
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presentation of the Minister of Sta
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UNEP Presentation Introduction to E
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These are aspects that provide moti
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Chapter 2 .........................
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8.9 Habitat Loss and Biodiversity -
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2.1 Precedents: Rio 92 and Agenda 2
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Overview ..........................
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list of pictures Chapter 1 Introduc
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The state of forests Table 1 Natura
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Table 8 Annual average growth rate
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Figure 6 Indigenous lands likely to
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introduction 1. IDENTITY AND TERRIT
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The underlying principle guiding th
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1.4. Report’s Structure and Conte
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The ANNEXES in the end of this repo
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2. Current Status and Perspectives
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An interesting system to define pos
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Some relevant aspects rise in the i
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What has been proposed as a mechani
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The second reason is the short term
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A redesign of the institutional str
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chapter 2 the state of the the stat
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territorial dynamics and the enviro
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cycle, which at its time was the mo
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200 - 500 inhabitants - which in 19
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This new environmental division of
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Superior plants, despite betterclas
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Figure 1-Proportion of taxons of or
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the state of biodiversity the state
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soil conditions the state of the en
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soil conditions 12 Land potential u
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soil conditions the state of the en
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the Northeast In 1998, average farm
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In ha Figure 4 - A verage area of h
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A distance concept (in metres L 1 )
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that, it may be a possible solution
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m 3 in agricultural lands and 448 b
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environmental availability (shallow
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All and any human activity leads to
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Figure 1 - Geologic units that are
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Table 1 - Environmental Impacts on
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Figure 3 - Impact of gold prospecti
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23 Environmental Impacts resulting
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the state of environment in Brazil
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shortage in the Northeastern region
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Chart 2 - P opulation s erved w ith
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carried out as far as requests for
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generation Hydro-electric generatio
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the use of the soil do not exacerba
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of water levels in water wells resu
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Barreiras Group, sandy re-covering
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consolidated The dominant aquifers
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Thus, the volume produced by a well
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is already understood that the cons
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the state of forests Approximately
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the 1960s, wood was really not a re
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Programme for Vegetal Charcoal-Base
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artefacts, it can reach up to US$15
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of the subject- ranging from quanti
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the state of the atmosphere The res
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destructive substances The Vienna C
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4 Brazil and the Climatic Change Co
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effect gas emission than gasoline R
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Thousand ha/year by satellite image
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Brazilian marine and coastal enviro
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) The gradual expansion of the city
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Concerning the rubbish, 90 percent
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5 Tourism Nowadays, tourism represe
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Criciúma, Imbituba and Tubarão pr
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the state of the environment in Bra
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The productivity of the North is hi
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quality of the post-larvae, and the
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level of sustainability Some have e
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activity was initiated in the late
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a tendency to decrease was observed
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presented at least two possible cau
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of the main marine fishing resource
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protozoans and helminths that can b
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c) Biological: dengue, yellow fever
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There is a great need for a governm
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The dry season, as a disaster, is r
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to cutting and burning forests for
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Hail causes great losses in agricul
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Accidents with Oil Spills The petro
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NORTH REGION The North covers nearl
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A lack of proper environmental awar
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SOUTHEAST REGION The Southeast Regi
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occurs in winter, and the minimum l
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growth rate and a slow down of this
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There were later relatively stable
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From that time on, demographic conc
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Map 3 - Migration balance 1986 - 19
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Table9-StructureoftheBrazilian indu
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34 Industrialisation and Spatial Re
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obstacle to credit access and to of
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most important action, therefore, i
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In the Brazilian metropolitan regio
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activities are more concentrated an
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Another biomass power source adopte
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ecreational activity In addition to
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115 Impact Indicators 1151 Health D
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US$325 million/year) This amount is
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Regarding the historical perspectiv
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In 1999, homicides ranked first in
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123 Infectious and parasitic diseas
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The state of health and the environ
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The state of health and the environ
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eassessment by North American healt
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indicating the organisms were alrea
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125Atmospheric Pollution Atmospheri
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Every year, landslides during heavy
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chapter 3 policies feedback
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policies feedback 1. Inheritance an
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However, CCZEE limited itself to im
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2. International Agreements Resulti
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policies feedback 227
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During recent years a few legal tex
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policies feedback 231
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Within the decentralisation issue l
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Because of these actions, concern f
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4. Sectorial Policy Responses and A
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criteria for the creation and manag
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Pantanal areas (www.bdt. fat.org.br
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populations, the maintenance of the
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4.2. Soil Governmental actions that
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a) To run a trend and stateanalysis
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as propellants for their aerosol sy
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4.2.3. Positive Impacts from the Us
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and São Paulo), or by elaborating
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possibilities of their use should b
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charging on productive processes as
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In general, the instituted model is
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4.4.5. Regulation It is demonstrate
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Parallel to the investigation effor
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monitoring and controlling forest u
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However, there are important knowle
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This total of 34.65 MtCO 2, during
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a) labelling programmeme to inform
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4.6.4. Specific Actions to Combat A
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4.7 Coastal and Sea Areas One of th
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4.8. Fishing The first aspect to be
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e) Creation of CEPED agencies - Aca
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Again, institutionally, a Secretary
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dissatisfaction by 50 per cent, by
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Urban environmental management also
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Despite being FUNASA’s direct res
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5. Challenges The government’s pr
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progressive lead Brazil towards the
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environmental management Overview C
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1. The Continuation of Environmenta
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Page 348 and 349: ecommendations decisive in the cons
Page 350 and 351: ecommendations d) Inter relationshi
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Page 394 and 395: annex 1 - statistics -metadata B.7.
Page 402 and 403: A. Socioeconomic and cultural facto
Page 404 and 405: A. State of the Environment and Tre
Page 406 and 407: B. Socioeconomic and Cultural Facto
Page 408 and 409: B. Socioeconomic and Cultural Facto
Page 410 and 411: annex 2 - main economic and environ
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Page 418 and 419: annex 3 - biodiversity anexo 3 The
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Page 424 and 425: anexo 3 - biodiversity annex 3 396
Page 426 and 427: annex 4 - compilation of brazilian
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anexo 4 3. BIODIVERSITY LAW 5.197 0
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annex 4 - compilation of brazilian
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anexo 4 DECREE 03/22/1997 Regulates
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colaboradores anexo 2 FIOCRUZ - Fun
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ibliografia ASSOCIAÇÃO NACIONAL D
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ibliografia _____. Governo do Brasi
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ibliografia CASTAGNOLLI, N. Aquicul
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ibliografia _____. (2002a).Centro N
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ibliografia EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE P
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ibliografia FUNDAÇÃO SOS MATA ATL
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ibliografia _____. Recursos pesquei
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ibliografia KAGEYAMA P.Y. SOUZA L.M
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ibliografia MACHADO, G.V. Estimativ
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ibliografia _____.; Secretaria Espe
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ibliografia PARANÁ. Casa Civil - C
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ibliografia REDE INTRAGERENCIAL DE
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ibliografia SANTOS, J. R., T. KRUG,
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ibliografia TRAFFIC. 2000. El merca
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glossary y of the acronyms glossary
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CESP - Companhia Energética de Sã
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IPT - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnol
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REVIZEE - Programa de Avaliação d
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