GEO Brasil - UNEP

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Chapter 2 ........................................................................................... 23 The State of the Environment .......................................................... 23 1. Territorial Dynamics and the Environment onment.......................... 25 1.1 The Geopolitical Context of Brazilian Territorial Configuration......................................................................... 25 1.2 Territory and Water ater................................................................ 25 1.3 Brazil: Economic Context of the Territorial Configuration ....................................................... 26 The State of Biodiversity .................................................................. 32 3. Soil Conditions...................................................................... 48 3.1 Patrimony and current ent soil conditions ................................ 48 3.1.1 Soil vulnerability to erosion ................................................. 49 3.1.2 Land potential use................................................................. 50 3.1.3 Land use nowadays ............................................................... 52 3.2 Soil use dynamics ................................................................. 54 3.2.1 Land Tenur enure e Regime .............................................................. 54 3.2.2 Land holdings, area and Gross Production Value ............. 55 3.2.3 General Aspects in Land Use Dynamics .............................. 58 3.2.4 Dynamics and Changes in Farming and Cattle Raising ..... 59 3.3 Land Degradation ...................................................................61 3.3.1 Erosion.................................................................................... ....................................................................................61 3.3.2 Soil fertility depletion ........................................................... 64 3.3.3 Desertification ....................................................................... 65 3.3.4 Decharacterisation of humid areas...................................... 65 3.3.5 Sandification .......................................................................... 66 3.3.6 Salinisation ............................................................................ 66 3.3.7 Land burning ......................................................................... 66 3.3.8 Contamination by urban, industrial and agrochemical residues .......................................................... 67 State of the Subsoil .......................................................................... 68 4.1 Socio-economic context ....................................................... 69 4.2 Subsoil Degradation ............................................................. 70 4.2.1 Environmental Impact of Mining Activities.......................... 70 4.2.2 Environmental Impacts on Undergr ground Water Resour esources 74 4.2.3 Environmental Impacts resulting from the Disposal of Industrial and Domestic Waste ............................................ 75 4.2.4 Spilling of Crude Oil Derivatives.......................................... 75 4.2.5 Final Disposal and/or Spilling of Radioactive Products .... 76 4.2.6 Impacts of Industrial Activities ............................................ 77 5. Water Resour esources .................................................................... 78 5.1 Superficial Waters ................................................................. 78
5.1.1 The Present Situation ........................................................... 78 5.1.2 Urban-Industrial Supply – Contamination by Tributary ..... 80 5.1.3 Irrigation ................................................................................ 82 5.4.1 Navigation .............................................................................. 83 5.1.5 Hydro-energy Use.................................................................. 84 5.1.6 Natural Environment ............................................................. 85 5.1.7 Critical Events ....................................................................... 85 5.2 Undergr ground Waters in Brazil ............................................. 87 5.2.1 From om the Well ell to Undergr ground Flow Systems .................... 87 5.2.2 Hydro o Climactic Regime and Undergr ground Water Rechar echarge ge...................................................................... 89 5.2.3 Types of Aquifers ................................................................... 90 5.2.4 Contamination Agents ...........................................................91 5.2.5 Hydro-GeologicalProvinces in Brazil................................... 92 5.2.6 Undergr ground Water Potentials in Brazil ............................. 94 5.2.7 The Quality of Undergr ground Water ...................................... 95 5.2.8 Demands and Current Uses ................................................. 96 5.2.9 Legal and Institutional Framework ramework....................................... 98 The State of For orests ests.............................................................. 99 The State of the Atmosphere ............................................. 109 7.1 Main Atmospheric Pollutants and their Impacts on Living Beings.................................................................. 109 7.2 The Ozone Layer Reduction Problem oblem.................................. 110 7.3 The Greenhouse Effect Increase Issue ................................ 111 7.4 Brazil and the Climatic Change Convention ...................... 113 7.5 Emissions Due to Energy Use............................................. 114 7.6 Emissions Due to Soil use Changes .................................. 115 7.7 Relative Participation of Emission Sources ........................117 7.8 What Brazil is doing to Fight the Problems Observed in the Atmosphere ................................................117 The State of Activities in Marine and Coastal Areas.................................................... 118 8.1 Pressure on Marine and Coastal Environments ................ 119 8.2 Habitat Fragmentation (erosion, sedimentation and siltation) ....................................................................... 120 8.3 Human Health and Quality of Life ...................................... 122 8.4 Maritime Trade ..................................................................... 124 8.5 Tourism ourism................................................................................. 125 8.6 Discharges into the Sea ..................................................... 126 8.7 Oil Extraction ........................................................................ 127 8.8 Oil Pollution.......................................................................... 127
Page 1: United Nations Environment Programm
Page 4 and 5: IPEA Instituto de Pesquisas Econôm
Page 6 and 7: GEO Brazil 2002- Brazil Environment
Page 8 and 9: presentation of the Minister of Sta
Page 10 and 11: UNEP Presentation Introduction to E
Page 12 and 13: These are aspects that provide moti
Page 16 and 17: 8.9 Habitat Loss and Biodiversity -
Page 18 and 19: 2.1 Precedents: Rio 92 and Agenda 2
Page 20 and 21: Overview ..........................
Page 22 and 23: list of pictures Chapter 1 Introduc
Page 24 and 25: The state of forests Table 1 Natura
Page 26 and 27: Table 8 Annual average growth rate
Page 28 and 29: Figure 6 Indigenous lands likely to
Page 31 and 32: introduction 1. IDENTITY AND TERRIT
Page 33 and 34: The underlying principle guiding th
Page 35 and 36: 1.4. Report’s Structure and Conte
Page 37 and 38: The ANNEXES in the end of this repo
Page 39 and 40: 2. Current Status and Perspectives
Page 41 and 42: An interesting system to define pos
Page 43 and 44: Some relevant aspects rise in the i
Page 45 and 46: What has been proposed as a mechani
Page 47 and 48: The second reason is the short term
Page 49 and 50: A redesign of the institutional str
Page 51 and 52: chapter 2 the state of the the stat
Page 53 and 54: territorial dynamics and the enviro
Page 55 and 56: cycle, which at its time was the mo
Page 57 and 58: 200 - 500 inhabitants - which in 19
Page 59 and 60: This new environmental division of
Page 61 and 62: Superior plants, despite betterclas
Page 63: Figure 1-Proportion of taxons of or
Page 66 and 67:
the state of biodiversity the state
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
soil conditions the state of the en
Page 78 and 79:
soil conditions 12 Land potential u
Page 80:
soil conditions the state of the en
Page 83 and 84:
the Northeast In 1998, average farm
Page 85 and 86:
In ha Figure 4 - A verage area of h
Page 87 and 88:
A distance concept (in metres L 1 )
Page 89 and 90:
that, it may be a possible solution
Page 91 and 92:
m 3 in agricultural lands and 448 b
Page 93 and 94:
environmental availability (shallow
Page 95 and 96:
All and any human activity leads to
Page 97 and 98:
Figure 1 - Geologic units that are
Page 99 and 100:
Table 1 - Environmental Impacts on
Page 101 and 102:
Figure 3 - Impact of gold prospecti
Page 103 and 104:
23 Environmental Impacts resulting
Page 105 and 106:
the state of environment in Brazil
Page 107 and 108:
shortage in the Northeastern region
Page 109 and 110:
Chart 2 - P opulation s erved w ith
Page 111 and 112:
carried out as far as requests for
Page 113 and 114:
generation Hydro-electric generatio
Page 115 and 116:
the use of the soil do not exacerba
Page 117 and 118:
of water levels in water wells resu
Page 119 and 120:
Barreiras Group, sandy re-covering
Page 121 and 122:
consolidated The dominant aquifers
Page 123 and 124:
Thus, the volume produced by a well
Page 125 and 126:
is already understood that the cons
Page 127 and 128:
the state of forests Approximately
Page 129 and 130:
the 1960s, wood was really not a re
Page 131 and 132:
Programme for Vegetal Charcoal-Base
Page 133 and 134:
artefacts, it can reach up to US$15
Page 135 and 136:
of the subject- ranging from quanti
Page 137 and 138:
the state of the atmosphere The res
Page 139 and 140:
destructive substances The Vienna C
Page 141 and 142:
4 Brazil and the Climatic Change Co
Page 143 and 144:
effect gas emission than gasoline R
Page 145 and 146:
Thousand ha/year by satellite image
Page 147 and 148:
Brazilian marine and coastal enviro
Page 149 and 150:
) The gradual expansion of the city
Page 151 and 152:
Concerning the rubbish, 90 percent
Page 153 and 154:
5 Tourism Nowadays, tourism represe
Page 155 and 156:
Criciúma, Imbituba and Tubarão pr
Page 157 and 158:
the state of the environment in Bra
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
The productivity of the North is hi
Page 163 and 164:
quality of the post-larvae, and the
Page 165 and 166:
level of sustainability Some have e
Page 167 and 168:
activity was initiated in the late
Page 169 and 170:
a tendency to decrease was observed
Page 171 and 172:
presented at least two possible cau
Page 173 and 174:
of the main marine fishing resource
Page 175 and 176:
protozoans and helminths that can b
Page 177 and 178:
c) Biological: dengue, yellow fever
Page 179 and 180:
There is a great need for a governm
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
The dry season, as a disaster, is r
Page 185 and 186:
to cutting and burning forests for
Page 187 and 188:
Hail causes great losses in agricul
Page 189 and 190:
Accidents with Oil Spills The petro
Page 191 and 192:
NORTH REGION The North covers nearl
Page 193 and 194:
A lack of proper environmental awar
Page 195 and 196:
SOUTHEAST REGION The Southeast Regi
Page 197 and 198:
occurs in winter, and the minimum l
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
growth rate and a slow down of this
Page 203 and 204:
There were later relatively stable
Page 205 and 206:
From that time on, demographic conc
Page 207 and 208:
Map 3 - Migration balance 1986 - 19
Page 209 and 210:
Table9-StructureoftheBrazilian indu
Page 211 and 212:
34 Industrialisation and Spatial Re
Page 213 and 214:
obstacle to credit access and to of
Page 215 and 216:
most important action, therefore, i
Page 217 and 218:
In the Brazilian metropolitan regio
Page 219 and 220:
activities are more concentrated an
Page 221 and 222:
Another biomass power source adopte
Page 223 and 224:
ecreational activity In addition to
Page 225 and 226:
115 Impact Indicators 1151 Health D
Page 227 and 228:
US$325 million/year) This amount is
Page 229 and 230:
Regarding the historical perspectiv
Page 231 and 232:
In 1999, homicides ranked first in
Page 233 and 234:
123 Infectious and parasitic diseas
Page 235 and 236:
The state of health and the environ
Page 237 and 238:
The state of health and the environ
Page 239 and 240:
eassessment by North American healt
Page 241 and 242:
indicating the organisms were alrea
Page 243 and 244:
125Atmospheric Pollution Atmospheri
Page 245 and 246:
Every year, landslides during heavy
Page 247 and 248:
chapter 3 policies feedback
Page 249 and 250:
policies feedback 1. Inheritance an
Page 251 and 252:
However, CCZEE limited itself to im
Page 253 and 254:
2. International Agreements Resulti
Page 255 and 256:
policies feedback 227
Page 257 and 258:
During recent years a few legal tex
Page 259 and 260:
policies feedback 231
Page 261 and 262:
Within the decentralisation issue l
Page 263 and 264:
Because of these actions, concern f
Page 265 and 266:
4. Sectorial Policy Responses and A
Page 267 and 268:
criteria for the creation and manag
Page 269 and 270:
Pantanal areas (www.bdt. fat.org.br
Page 271 and 272:
populations, the maintenance of the
Page 273 and 274:
4.2. Soil Governmental actions that
Page 275 and 276:
a) To run a trend and stateanalysis
Page 277 and 278:
as propellants for their aerosol sy
Page 279 and 280:
4.2.3. Positive Impacts from the Us
Page 281 and 282:
and São Paulo), or by elaborating
Page 283 and 284:
possibilities of their use should b
Page 285 and 286:
charging on productive processes as
Page 287 and 288:
In general, the instituted model is
Page 289 and 290:
4.4.5. Regulation It is demonstrate
Page 291 and 292:
Parallel to the investigation effor
Page 293 and 294:
monitoring and controlling forest u
Page 295 and 296:
However, there are important knowle
Page 297 and 298:
This total of 34.65 MtCO 2, during
Page 299 and 300:
a) labelling programmeme to inform
Page 301 and 302:
4.6.4. Specific Actions to Combat A
Page 303 and 304:
4.7 Coastal and Sea Areas One of th
Page 305 and 306:
4.8. Fishing The first aspect to be
Page 307 and 308:
e) Creation of CEPED agencies - Aca
Page 309 and 310:
Again, institutionally, a Secretary
Page 311 and 312:
dissatisfaction by 50 per cent, by
Page 313 and 314:
Urban environmental management also
Page 315 and 316:
Despite being FUNASA’s direct res
Page 317 and 318:
5. Challenges The government’s pr
Page 319:
progressive lead Brazil towards the
Page 323 and 324:
environmental management Overview C
Page 325 and 326:
1. The Continuation of Environmenta
Page 327 and 328:
Itajaí, and Florianópolis (SC), i
Page 329 and 330:
Deforestation and cattle raising fo
Page 331 and 332:
In the Pantanal Complex, native veg
Page 333 and 334:
environmental management 305
Page 335 and 336:
Chart 1-TrendScenario - Pressurre-I
Page 337 and 338:
With regard to the plan for financi
Page 339 and 340:
c) policies or actions that are not
Page 341 and 342:
Desired Scenario - Impact-Response
Page 343 and 344:
Table 1 - Deforestation expected al
Page 345:
chapter 5 recommendations 317
Page 348 and 349:
ecommendations decisive in the cons
Page 350 and 351:
ecommendations d) Inter relationshi
Page 352 and 353:
ecommendations c) that the governme
Page 354 and 355:
6.6 Scenarios 6.7. Biodiversity and
Page 356 and 357:
ecommendations 7.1. To reinfor einf
Page 358 and 359:
ecommendations 8.3. Vulnerability a
Page 361:
annexes es
Page 364 and 365:
GEO Report - Statistical Annex - Me
Page 366 and 367:
annex 1 - statistics - metadata ann
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
Page 372 and 373:
Page 374 and 375:
annex 1 - statistics - metadata Sou
Page 376 and 377:
Page 378 and 379:
Page 380 and 381:
Page 382 and 383:
annex 1 - statistics -metadata anne
Page 384 and 385:
Page 386 and 387:
Page 388 and 389:
Page 390 and 391:
Page 392 and 393:
Page 394 and 395:
annex 1 - statistics -metadata B.7.
Page 396 and 397:
Page 398 and 399:
Page 400 and 401:
Page 402 and 403:
A. Socioeconomic and cultural facto
Page 404 and 405:
A. State of the Environment and Tre
Page 406 and 407:
B. Socioeconomic and Cultural Facto
Page 408 and 409:
B. Socioeconomic and Cultural Facto
Page 410 and 411:
annex 2 - main economic and environ
Page 412 and 413:
Page 414 and 415:
Page 416 and 417:
annex x 3 - biodiversity annex 3 Th
Page 418 and 419:
annex 3 - biodiversity anexo 3 The
Page 420 and 421:
annex 3 - biodiversity annex 3 The
Page 422 and 423:
annex 3 - biodiversity annex 3 394
Page 424 and 425:
anexo 3 - biodiversity annex 3 396
Page 426 and 427:
annex 4 - compilation of brazilian
Page 428 and 429:
anexo 4 3. BIODIVERSITY LAW 5.197 0
Page 430 and 431:
Page 432 and 433:
Page 434 and 435:
Page 436 and 437:
Page 438 and 439:
anexo 4 DECREE 03/22/1997 Regulates
Page 440 and 441:
colaboradores anexo 2 FIOCRUZ - Fun
Page 442 and 443:
ibliografia ASSOCIAÇÃO NACIONAL D
Page 444 and 445:
ibliografia _____. Governo do Brasi
Page 446 and 447:
ibliografia CASTAGNOLLI, N. Aquicul
Page 448 and 449:
ibliografia _____. (2002a).Centro N
Page 450 and 451:
ibliografia EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE P
Page 452 and 453:
ibliografia FUNDAÇÃO SOS MATA ATL
Page 454 and 455:
ibliografia _____. Recursos pesquei
Page 456 and 457:
ibliografia KAGEYAMA P.Y. SOUZA L.M
Page 458 and 459:
ibliografia MACHADO, G.V. Estimativ
Page 460 and 461:
ibliografia _____.; Secretaria Espe
Page 462 and 463:
ibliografia PARANÁ. Casa Civil - C
Page 464 and 465:
ibliografia REDE INTRAGERENCIAL DE
Page 466 and 467:
ibliografia SANTOS, J. R., T. KRUG,
Page 468 and 469:
ibliografia TRAFFIC. 2000. El merca
Page 470 and 471:
glossary y of the acronyms glossary
Page 472 and 473:
CESP - Companhia Energética de Sã
Page 474 and 475:
IPT - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnol
Page 476 and 477:
REVIZEE - Programa de Avaliação d
show all

GEO Brasil - UNEP

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?