GEO Brasil - UNEP

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2.1 Precedents: Rio 92 and Agenda 21 .................................... 225 2.2 Environmental Multilateral Agreements and Non-Binding Instruments.......................................................................... 225 2.2.1 For orests and Biodiversity ..................................................... 226 2.2.2 Climatic Changes ................................................................ 226 2.2.3 Preservation of Humid Zones ............................................. 228 2.2.4 Hazardous Residues and Toxic Products .......................... 228 2.2.5 Conservation of Marine Environment ................................229 3. Institutional Context and Legal Ordinance in the EnvironmentalSector........................................................... 230 3.1 Legal and Institutional Ordainment ................................... 230 3.1.1 Decentralisation, Municipalisation and Globalisation...... 232 3.2. Public Participation in Environmental Management......... 234 3.2.1 Environmental Education and Training ............................. 234 3.3 Management Tools ...............................................................235 3.3.1 Economic Tools for Environmental Management .............. 235 3.3.2 Industries and Clean Technologies echnologies.................................... 236 3.3.3 Public Investment and Environmental action.................... ....................236 4 Sectorial Policy Responses and Activities ........................ 237 4.1 Biodiversity Responses esponses....................................................... 238 4.1.1 Advances in legislation ....................................................... 238 4.1.2 Advances in Planning ........................................................240 4.1.3 Identifying priorities for the conservation ofbiodiversity 240 4.1.4 Incentives To Resear esearch ....................................................... 241 4.1.5 Managing and Recovering Fauna Species .........................242 4.2 Soil .......................................................................................245 4.2.1 Main programmes............................................................... ...............................................................245 4.2.2 Response of the Agrarian Reform Policies and Actions .. 249 4.2.3 Positive Impacts from the Use of Direct Planting in Brazil................................................................................ 251 4.3 Subsoil ................................................................................. 251 4.3.1 Evolution in the Subsoil vs. Environment Relation in the 1992 to 2002 Period............................................................ 251 4.3.2 Subsoil and Different Governmental Levels ...................... 252 4.3.3 Private Companies .............................................................. 254 4.4 Water resour esources .................................................................... 25 Superficial Waters .................................................................................. 254 4.4.1 Policies................................................................................. 256
4.4.2 Management Model.............................................................. 257 4.4.3 Regulation ............................................................................ 258 Undergr ground Waters aters........................................................................ 259 4.4.4 Standardising ......................................................................260 4.4 Regulation ............................................................................ 261 4.5 For orests ................................................................................. 261 4.5.1 For orest est Code ......................................................................... 261 4.5.2 National For orest est programme ogramme............................................... 264 4.5.3 For orest est Challenges ...............................................................265 4.5.4 Recovery of Native Vegetation ............................................266 4.6 Atmosphere.......................................................................... 267 4.6.1 The National Alcohol Programme (PROALCOOL) .............268 4.6.2 Program for the Control of Emissions by Automotive Vehicles (PROCONVE)..................................... .....................................269 4.6.3 Energy Conservation: Actions of PROCEL ........................ 270 4.6.4 Specific Actions to Combat Atmospheric Pollution in Urban Centres ..................................................................... 273 4.7. Coastal and Sea Areas........................................................ 275 4.7.1 Tourism ourism................................................................................. 276 4.8 Fishing ................................................................................. 277 4.9 Environmental Disasters..................................................... 278 4.9.1 Information on the NATIONAL SYSTEM OF CIVIL DEFENSE (Sistema Nacional de Defesa Civil - SINDEC) .................. 279 4.9.2 The National Policy of Civil Defense ................................. 279 4.9.3 The Brazilian System of Information on Disasters SINDESB ..............................................................................280 4.10 Urban and Industrial Areas ................................................ 281 4.10.1 Solid Residues ..................................................................... 282 4.10.2 Urban Environment Management .......................................284 4.10.3 Combat against Deficits and Wastes ................................. 285 4.10.4 Company and Environment................................................. .................................................285 4.11 Health and the Environment............................................... 285 4.11.1 Institutional Links for Health Management ....................... 286 4.11.2 Society’s Participation articipation........................................................ ........................................................288 5. Challenges ...........................................................................289 Chapter 4 ....................................................................................... 293 Settings for Environmental Management ...................................... 293
Page 1: United Nations Environment Programm
Page 4 and 5: IPEA Instituto de Pesquisas Econôm
Page 6 and 7: GEO Brazil 2002- Brazil Environment
Page 8 and 9: presentation of the Minister of Sta
Page 10 and 11: UNEP Presentation Introduction to E
Page 12 and 13: These are aspects that provide moti
Page 14 and 15: Chapter 2 .........................
Page 16 and 17: 8.9 Habitat Loss and Biodiversity -
Page 20 and 21: Overview ..........................
Page 22 and 23: list of pictures Chapter 1 Introduc
Page 24 and 25: The state of forests Table 1 Natura
Page 26 and 27: Table 8 Annual average growth rate
Page 28 and 29: Figure 6 Indigenous lands likely to
Page 31 and 32: introduction 1. IDENTITY AND TERRIT
Page 33 and 34: The underlying principle guiding th
Page 35 and 36: 1.4. Report’s Structure and Conte
Page 37 and 38: The ANNEXES in the end of this repo
Page 39 and 40: 2. Current Status and Perspectives
Page 41 and 42: An interesting system to define pos
Page 43 and 44: Some relevant aspects rise in the i
Page 45 and 46: What has been proposed as a mechani
Page 47 and 48: The second reason is the short term
Page 49 and 50: A redesign of the institutional str
Page 51 and 52: chapter 2 the state of the the stat
Page 53 and 54: territorial dynamics and the enviro
Page 55 and 56: cycle, which at its time was the mo
Page 57 and 58: 200 - 500 inhabitants - which in 19
Page 59 and 60: This new environmental division of
Page 61 and 62: Superior plants, despite betterclas
Page 63: Figure 1-Proportion of taxons of or
Page 66 and 67: the state of biodiversity the state
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the state of biodiversity the state
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soil conditions the state of the en
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soil conditions 12 Land potential u
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soil conditions the state of the en
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the Northeast In 1998, average farm
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In ha Figure 4 - A verage area of h
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A distance concept (in metres L 1 )
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that, it may be a possible solution
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m 3 in agricultural lands and 448 b
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environmental availability (shallow
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All and any human activity leads to
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Figure 1 - Geologic units that are
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Table 1 - Environmental Impacts on
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Figure 3 - Impact of gold prospecti
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23 Environmental Impacts resulting
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the state of environment in Brazil
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shortage in the Northeastern region
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Chart 2 - P opulation s erved w ith
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carried out as far as requests for
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generation Hydro-electric generatio
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the use of the soil do not exacerba
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of water levels in water wells resu
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Barreiras Group, sandy re-covering
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consolidated The dominant aquifers
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Thus, the volume produced by a well
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is already understood that the cons
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the state of forests Approximately
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the 1960s, wood was really not a re
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Programme for Vegetal Charcoal-Base
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artefacts, it can reach up to US$15
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of the subject- ranging from quanti
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the state of the atmosphere The res
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destructive substances The Vienna C
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4 Brazil and the Climatic Change Co
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effect gas emission than gasoline R
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Thousand ha/year by satellite image
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Brazilian marine and coastal enviro
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) The gradual expansion of the city
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Concerning the rubbish, 90 percent
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5 Tourism Nowadays, tourism represe
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Criciúma, Imbituba and Tubarão pr
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the state of the environment in Bra
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The productivity of the North is hi
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quality of the post-larvae, and the
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level of sustainability Some have e
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activity was initiated in the late
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a tendency to decrease was observed
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presented at least two possible cau
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of the main marine fishing resource
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protozoans and helminths that can b
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c) Biological: dengue, yellow fever
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There is a great need for a governm
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The dry season, as a disaster, is r
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to cutting and burning forests for
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Hail causes great losses in agricul
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Accidents with Oil Spills The petro
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NORTH REGION The North covers nearl
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A lack of proper environmental awar
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SOUTHEAST REGION The Southeast Regi
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occurs in winter, and the minimum l
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growth rate and a slow down of this
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There were later relatively stable
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From that time on, demographic conc
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Map 3 - Migration balance 1986 - 19
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Table9-StructureoftheBrazilian indu
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34 Industrialisation and Spatial Re
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obstacle to credit access and to of
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most important action, therefore, i
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In the Brazilian metropolitan regio
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activities are more concentrated an
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Another biomass power source adopte
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ecreational activity In addition to
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115 Impact Indicators 1151 Health D
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US$325 million/year) This amount is
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Regarding the historical perspectiv
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In 1999, homicides ranked first in
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123 Infectious and parasitic diseas
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The state of health and the environ
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The state of health and the environ
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eassessment by North American healt
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indicating the organisms were alrea
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125Atmospheric Pollution Atmospheri
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Every year, landslides during heavy
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chapter 3 policies feedback
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policies feedback 1. Inheritance an
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However, CCZEE limited itself to im
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2. International Agreements Resulti
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policies feedback 227
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During recent years a few legal tex
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policies feedback 231
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Within the decentralisation issue l
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Because of these actions, concern f
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4. Sectorial Policy Responses and A
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criteria for the creation and manag
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Pantanal areas (www.bdt. fat.org.br
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populations, the maintenance of the
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4.2. Soil Governmental actions that
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a) To run a trend and stateanalysis
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as propellants for their aerosol sy
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4.2.3. Positive Impacts from the Us
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and São Paulo), or by elaborating
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possibilities of their use should b
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charging on productive processes as
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In general, the instituted model is
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4.4.5. Regulation It is demonstrate
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Parallel to the investigation effor
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monitoring and controlling forest u
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However, there are important knowle
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This total of 34.65 MtCO 2, during
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a) labelling programmeme to inform
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4.6.4. Specific Actions to Combat A
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4.7 Coastal and Sea Areas One of th
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4.8. Fishing The first aspect to be
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e) Creation of CEPED agencies - Aca
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Again, institutionally, a Secretary
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dissatisfaction by 50 per cent, by
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Urban environmental management also
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Despite being FUNASA’s direct res
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5. Challenges The government’s pr
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progressive lead Brazil towards the
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environmental management Overview C
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1. The Continuation of Environmenta
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Itajaí, and Florianópolis (SC), i
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Deforestation and cattle raising fo
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In the Pantanal Complex, native veg
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environmental management 305
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Chart 1-TrendScenario - Pressurre-I
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With regard to the plan for financi
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c) policies or actions that are not
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Desired Scenario - Impact-Response
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Table 1 - Deforestation expected al
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chapter 5 recommendations 317
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ecommendations decisive in the cons
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ecommendations d) Inter relationshi
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ecommendations c) that the governme
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6.6 Scenarios 6.7. Biodiversity and
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ecommendations 7.1. To reinfor einf
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ecommendations 8.3. Vulnerability a
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annexes es
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GEO Report - Statistical Annex - Me
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annex 1 - statistics - metadata ann
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annex 1 - statistics - metadata Sou
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annex 1 - statistics -metadata anne
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annex 1 - statistics -metadata B.7.
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A. Socioeconomic and cultural facto
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A. State of the Environment and Tre
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B. Socioeconomic and Cultural Facto
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B. Socioeconomic and Cultural Facto
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annex 2 - main economic and environ
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annex x 3 - biodiversity annex 3 Th
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annex 3 - biodiversity anexo 3 The
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annex 3 - biodiversity annex 3 The
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annex 3 - biodiversity annex 3 394
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anexo 3 - biodiversity annex 3 396
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annex 4 - compilation of brazilian
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anexo 4 3. BIODIVERSITY LAW 5.197 0
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anexo 4 DECREE 03/22/1997 Regulates
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colaboradores anexo 2 FIOCRUZ - Fun
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ibliografia ASSOCIAÇÃO NACIONAL D
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ibliografia _____. Governo do Brasi
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ibliografia CASTAGNOLLI, N. Aquicul
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ibliografia _____. (2002a).Centro N
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ibliografia EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE P
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ibliografia FUNDAÇÃO SOS MATA ATL
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ibliografia _____. Recursos pesquei
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ibliografia KAGEYAMA P.Y. SOUZA L.M
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ibliografia MACHADO, G.V. Estimativ
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ibliografia _____.; Secretaria Espe
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ibliografia PARANÁ. Casa Civil - C
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ibliografia REDE INTRAGERENCIAL DE
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ibliografia SANTOS, J. R., T. KRUG,
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ibliografia TRAFFIC. 2000. El merca
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glossary y of the acronyms glossary
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CESP - Companhia Energética de Sã
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IPT - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnol
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REVIZEE - Programa de Avaliação d
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