GEO Brasil - UNEP

Map 3 - Migration balance 1986 - 1991 / 1991-1996
Sources: National Atlas of Brazil - IBGE - 2000
3 Industry and Urbanisation
31 Initial Stage
The strong connection between
urbanisation and industrialisation is a
characteristic of processes of
territorial, demographic and economic
dynamics in the Brazilian history
Within a 30-year period, the country
shifted from an agrarian economy to
a highly urbanised and industrialised
one, with figures showing this
transition During the 1970s – the most
dynamic period – Brazil grew at an
average annual rate of 86 percent, the
industrial production grew at an
average annual rate of 90 percent and
the urban population as a share of the
total population jumped from 44
percent to over 55 percent (Table 8)
the state of the environment in Brazil
Table 8 - Average annual growth rates of GDP, agriculture and
industry, according to decade (in %).
Decade GDP Agriculture Industry
1900/10 4.2 3 5.5
1910/20 4.2 3.8 6.2
1920/30 4.5 3.9 3.8
1930/40 4.4 2.4 7.5
1940/50 5.9 3.1 9
1950/60 7.4 4.4 9.1
1960/70 6.2 4.4 6.9
1970/80 8.6 4.7 9
1980/90 1.6 2.4 0.2
1990/96 2.8 4.1 2
1900/80 5.7 3.7 7.1
1900/96 5 3.6 6
Source: Bonneli & Gonçalves - 1998
This process brought about various
effects over the natural environment
– as a result of impacts on ecosystems
during implementation of
infrastructure and exploration of
Natural Resources for industrialisation
– and over cities – as a result of strong
migratory flows and of the new
dynamics associated to the
establishment of economic activities
in the area Natural differences were
gradually replaced by socio-spatial
differences as the Southeast and
South Regions started to play a key
role in the country’s industry Up until
the early 1980’s, industrialisation
reached all regions in the country
During the period 1980-1995 changes
in the country’s economic, social and
physical spaces were consolidated
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