GEO Brasil - UNEP

the state of urban and industrial areas
the state of the environment in Brazil
Table 5 - Probability of death before one year old
(per 1,000 live births) - Brazil and regions -1960/1990
REGION 1960 1970 1980 1990
North* 159.6 94.2 75.3 45.9
Northeast 223.4 177.1 144.0 72.6
Southeast 134.1 88.4 66.0 32.2
South 109.1 61.1 61.6 27.3
Midwest - 128.9 91.1 71.1 28.9
Brazil 157.3 116.2 94.3 45.6
* The data refer to the urban population.
Source:
Brito et al - 2001
Table 6 - Life expectancy at birth - Brazil and regions -
1940/1990
REGION 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
North* 40.69 44.59 53.36 54.63 61.31 65.97
Northeast 36.68 38.94 40.98 45.54 56.90 59.59
Southeast 43.53 48.95 57.18 57.30 64.54 71.02
South 49.19 52.82 60.32 60.03 63.47 71.47
Midwest 47.92 51.11 56.65 58.93 63.47 70.99
Brazil 41.53 45.51 51.64 53.46 61.76 66.01
* The data refer to the urban population.
Source: Brito et al - 2001
Reduction 1960/90
(%)
71.2
67.5
75.0
75.0
79.2
71.1
rates and moving into the current
pattern of low birth and mortality rates
(Graph 5) The transitional phase, with
relatively lower mortality rates –
though still with high birth rates –
accounts for the demographic boom
occurred in the period 1950-1980
(where high average annual growth
rates varied between 299 to 248 a
year) (Table 7)
22 Settlement Standards
Just as important as the quantitative
improvement of the population are the
way their dwelling places changed and
the conditioning factors of such
changes To a certain extent, the
country’s accelerated industrialisation
process accounts for the changes, ie,
it not only pulls people to urban areas,
but it also leads to behavioural
changes, which is an indication of
lower birth rates in the intermediate
term An analysis of demographic data
shows that these processes occur
during the industrialisation process:
until 1940, 312 percent of the
population lived in urban areas, 559
percent in 1970 and 812 percent in
2000
A large portion of the urban
demographic growth was due to
rural exodus This migratory
process becomes more intensive
during the period of the so-called
“developmentalism” in the Brazilian
economy (1950s-1960s) During the
following decades, however, in the
period 1960-1980, the flows from
rural to urban areas reached its
zenith, representing 53 percent of
the urban population’s growth
176