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In the Amazon and the Cerrado biomes, pressure on vegetation cover tends to increase. This is mainly due to the increase of cattle breeding activities and exportation agricultural activities. In the Cerrado area, water resources are already found in a critical level. The tendency is to worsen, considering the continuation of the present occupational pattern and the pressure on environmental conditions. In Caatinga there are permanent social-spatial inequalities as far as urban and rural infrastructure equipment is concerned. These cause significant effects on the living conditions of the population. High levels of environmental illness tend to increase. When we speak about agriculture activities and cattle breeding, pressure on biodiversity, water resources, soil and subsoil continue to be affected by the reduced technological level used in such activities. While there have been slight improvements in some production areas, there are improvements that bring new problems, for example, the salinisation of soil provoked by irrigation. In the Zona dos Cocais, big projects in urbanindustrial areas caused changes. Although they had a short reach, they had considerably high environmental costs. Traditional extraction systems can not compete on the regional and national markets and run the risk of disappearing with huge losses in terms of sociodiversity. In the Southern Fields area, problems caused by inadequate use of soil and intense use of fertilisers and biological insecticides have provoked desertification. Pressure tends to increase on water resources, soil and subsoil if these elements remain. To prevent this process, necessary measures should be taken in the long term bases. The resulting impact of such dynamic is included in Source-Pressure- Impacts. The critical level of urban-industrial areas may be found here, specially regarding atmospheric pollution problems. These include water resources, subsoil, surface and water tables. This pollution originates from different sources, but results in life deteriorating conditions. Deteriorating life conditions are increasing due to critical inefficiency and unequal distribution of urban equipment and public services. The Coastal Zone suffers pressure from activities in the area such as extraction and transport of petroleum and gas, or marine trade. These occur in urban and periurban area activities and in the occupation of areas along the coast. They include deforesting mangrove areas and rocky coastlines. This compromises water bodies beds by insufficient treatment of chemical and organic effluents. 306
Chart 1-TrendScenario - Pressurre-Impact Matrix for the State of the Environment in Brazil Themes Pressures Impacts Urban Industrial Areas Amazon Atmosphere Deforestations and burns; Industrial Emissions, Transports and Energy Greenhouse gases Atmospheric pollution Acid rain Cerrados Caatingas Cocais Zones Biomes Pantanal Atlantic Forest Southern Coastal Fields Zone Water Resources Underground Waters Forests Consumptive and non- Consumptive use; Insufficient Treatment of Chemical and organic Effluents Consumptive and non- Consumptive use; insufficient treatment of chemical and organic Effluents Expansion of Agriculture and ranching; Timber exploitation And firewood and vegetal Coal production Shortage of potable Water Contamination and Pollution Aggradation Reduced aquifers Contamination and Pollution Differential repression Deforestation Reduced Biomass Degradation of biota Biodiversity Expansion of Agriculture and ranching; Predatory hunting and Collection; Vegetal extractivism Extinction of species Loss of natural Riches Fragmentation of habitat Sea Resources Oil and gas extraction; Sea trade, Insufficient treatment Of chemical and And organic effluents, Urban expansion Reduced Produtivity Contamination and Pollution Ballast water Fishery Insufficient Treatment of Chemical and organic effluents, overfishing And predatory fishing Excessive catch Extinction of species Soils Primitive irrigation And cultivation; Overpasturing; Insufficient Treatment of Chemical and organic effluents; Intensive Use of Fertilisers and Agrochemicals, burns Erosion Contamination Salinisation Desertification Underground Quality of Life Health Disasters Insufficient Treatment of Chemical and organic Effluents, intensive Use of Fertilisers and Agrochemicals, mineral extraction; inadequate Disposal of Residues Uncertainty of Compensatory Policies; Insufficient Treatment of Chemical and organic Effluents, Industrial Emissions, Transports Proliferation of Vectors, insufficient Treatment of Chemical and organic Effluents, Industrial Emissions, Transports Uncertainty of Preventive policies Contamination Degradation Subsidence Social inequalities Social divide Loss of Sociodiversity Pulmonary diseases Infectious and Parasitic diseases Circulatory diseases Forest fires Floods and Landslides Droughts Captions Very high High Medium Low Very low 307
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United Nations Environment Programm
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IPEA Instituto de Pesquisas Econôm
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GEO Brazil 2002- Brazil Environment
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presentation of the Minister of Sta
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UNEP Presentation Introduction to E
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These are aspects that provide moti
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Chapter 2 .........................
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8.9 Habitat Loss and Biodiversity -
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2.1 Precedents: Rio 92 and Agenda 2
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Overview ..........................
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list of pictures Chapter 1 Introduc
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The state of forests Table 1 Natura
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Table 8 Annual average growth rate
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Figure 6 Indigenous lands likely to
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introduction 1. IDENTITY AND TERRIT
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The underlying principle guiding th
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1.4. Report’s Structure and Conte
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The ANNEXES in the end of this repo
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2. Current Status and Perspectives
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An interesting system to define pos
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Some relevant aspects rise in the i
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What has been proposed as a mechani
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The second reason is the short term
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A redesign of the institutional str
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chapter 2 the state of the the stat
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territorial dynamics and the enviro
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cycle, which at its time was the mo
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200 - 500 inhabitants - which in 19
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This new environmental division of
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Superior plants, despite betterclas
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Figure 1-Proportion of taxons of or
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the state of biodiversity the state
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soil conditions the state of the en
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soil conditions 12 Land potential u
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soil conditions the state of the en
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the Northeast In 1998, average farm
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In ha Figure 4 - A verage area of h
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A distance concept (in metres L 1 )
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that, it may be a possible solution
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m 3 in agricultural lands and 448 b
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environmental availability (shallow
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All and any human activity leads to
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Figure 1 - Geologic units that are
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Table 1 - Environmental Impacts on
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Figure 3 - Impact of gold prospecti
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23 Environmental Impacts resulting
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the state of environment in Brazil
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shortage in the Northeastern region
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Chart 2 - P opulation s erved w ith
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carried out as far as requests for
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generation Hydro-electric generatio
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the use of the soil do not exacerba
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of water levels in water wells resu
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Barreiras Group, sandy re-covering
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consolidated The dominant aquifers
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Thus, the volume produced by a well
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is already understood that the cons
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the state of forests Approximately
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the 1960s, wood was really not a re
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Programme for Vegetal Charcoal-Base
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artefacts, it can reach up to US$15
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of the subject- ranging from quanti
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the state of the atmosphere The res
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destructive substances The Vienna C
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4 Brazil and the Climatic Change Co
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effect gas emission than gasoline R
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Thousand ha/year by satellite image
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Brazilian marine and coastal enviro
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) The gradual expansion of the city
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Concerning the rubbish, 90 percent
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5 Tourism Nowadays, tourism represe
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Criciúma, Imbituba and Tubarão pr
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the state of the environment in Bra
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The productivity of the North is hi
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quality of the post-larvae, and the
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level of sustainability Some have e
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activity was initiated in the late
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a tendency to decrease was observed
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presented at least two possible cau
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of the main marine fishing resource
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protozoans and helminths that can b
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c) Biological: dengue, yellow fever
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There is a great need for a governm
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The dry season, as a disaster, is r
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to cutting and burning forests for
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Hail causes great losses in agricul
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Accidents with Oil Spills The petro
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NORTH REGION The North covers nearl
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A lack of proper environmental awar
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SOUTHEAST REGION The Southeast Regi
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occurs in winter, and the minimum l
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growth rate and a slow down of this
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There were later relatively stable
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From that time on, demographic conc
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Map 3 - Migration balance 1986 - 19
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Table9-StructureoftheBrazilian indu
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34 Industrialisation and Spatial Re
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obstacle to credit access and to of
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most important action, therefore, i
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In the Brazilian metropolitan regio
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activities are more concentrated an
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Another biomass power source adopte
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ecreational activity In addition to
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115 Impact Indicators 1151 Health D
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US$325 million/year) This amount is
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Regarding the historical perspectiv
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In 1999, homicides ranked first in
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123 Infectious and parasitic diseas
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The state of health and the environ
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The state of health and the environ
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eassessment by North American healt
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indicating the organisms were alrea
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125Atmospheric Pollution Atmospheri
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Every year, landslides during heavy
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chapter 3 policies feedback
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policies feedback 1. Inheritance an
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However, CCZEE limited itself to im
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2. International Agreements Resulti
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policies feedback 227
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During recent years a few legal tex
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policies feedback 231
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Within the decentralisation issue l
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Because of these actions, concern f
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4. Sectorial Policy Responses and A
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criteria for the creation and manag
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Pantanal areas (www.bdt. fat.org.br
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populations, the maintenance of the
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4.2. Soil Governmental actions that
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a) To run a trend and stateanalysis
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as propellants for their aerosol sy
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4.2.3. Positive Impacts from the Us
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and São Paulo), or by elaborating
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Page 289 and 290: 4.4.5. Regulation It is demonstrate
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Page 348 and 349: ecommendations decisive in the cons
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annex 1 - statistics -metadata anne
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annex 1 - statistics -metadata B.7.
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A. Socioeconomic and cultural facto
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A. State of the Environment and Tre
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B. Socioeconomic and Cultural Facto
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B. Socioeconomic and Cultural Facto
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annex 2 - main economic and environ
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annex x 3 - biodiversity annex 3 Th
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annex 3 - biodiversity anexo 3 The
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annex 3 - biodiversity annex 3 The
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annex 3 - biodiversity annex 3 394
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anexo 3 - biodiversity annex 3 396
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annex 4 - compilation of brazilian
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anexo 4 3. BIODIVERSITY LAW 5.197 0
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anexo 4 DECREE 03/22/1997 Regulates
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colaboradores anexo 2 FIOCRUZ - Fun
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ibliografia ASSOCIAÇÃO NACIONAL D
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ibliografia _____. Governo do Brasi
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ibliografia CASTAGNOLLI, N. Aquicul
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ibliografia _____. (2002a).Centro N
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ibliografia EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE P
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ibliografia FUNDAÇÃO SOS MATA ATL
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ibliografia _____. Recursos pesquei
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ibliografia KAGEYAMA P.Y. SOUZA L.M
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ibliografia MACHADO, G.V. Estimativ
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ibliografia _____.; Secretaria Espe
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ibliografia PARANÁ. Casa Civil - C
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ibliografia REDE INTRAGERENCIAL DE
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ibliografia SANTOS, J. R., T. KRUG,
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ibliografia TRAFFIC. 2000. El merca
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glossary y of the acronyms glossary
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CESP - Companhia Energética de Sã
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IPT - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnol
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REVIZEE - Programa de Avaliação d
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